PSY 101 Module 3

Short-term memory (STM)

(also, working memory) holds about seven bits of information before it is forgotten or stored, as well as information that has been retrieved and is being used

Compare and contrast implicit and explicit memory.

Both are types of long-term memory. Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall. Explicit memory is also called declarative memory and is subdivided into episodic memory (life events) and semantic memory (words, ideas, and concepts). Implicit memories are memories that are not part of our consciousness; they are memories formed from behaviors. Implicit memory is also called non-declarative memory and includes procedural memory as well as things learned through classical conditioning.

The storage capacity of long-term memory is ________.

Essentially limitless

Implicit or Explicit memory: knowing the capital of Texas

Explicit

Implicit or Explicit memory: knowing the word for "flower" in Japanese

Explicit

Implicit or Explicit memory: remembering that time you fell out of a tree when you were five

Explicit

Implicit or Explicit memory: remembering what present you bought for your aunt

Explicit

Implicit or Explicit memory: solving a geometry problem

Explicit

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, name and describe the three stages of memory.

FIND THE ANSWER

Compare and contrast the two processes we use to encode information.

FIND THE ANSWER

Implicit or Explicit memory: climbing a tree

Implicit

Implicit or Explicit memory: hearing a French speaker and later noticing French food wherever you go

Implicit

Implicit or Explicit memory: opening a present

Implicit

Implicit or Explicit memory: speaking your native language

Implicit

Implicit or Explicit memory: writing using pen and paper

Implicit

Atkinson-Shiffrin model (A-S):

Memory model that states we process info through three systems: sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory

________ is another name for short-term memory.

Working memory

Retrieval

act of getting information out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness

Memory consolidation

active rehearsal to move information from short-term memory into long-term memory

The type of memory processing that is done without conscious awareness

automatic

Storage

creation of a permanent record of information

Effortful Processing

encoding of information that takes effort and attention

Effortful processing

encoding of information that takes effort and attention

Automatic processing

encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words

Visual encoding

input of images

Encoding

input of information into the memory system

Acoustic encoding

input of sounds, words, and music

Semantic encoding

input of words and their meaning

Implicit memory

memories that are not part of our consciousness

Explicit memory

memories we consciously try to remember and recall

Sensory memory

storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes

Memory

system or process that stores what we learn for future use

Self-reference effect

tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance

Semantic memory

type of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

Episodic memory

type of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, also known as autobiographical memory

Procedural memory

type of long-term memory for making skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, and how to swim

Declarative memory

type of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience

Automatic Processing

unconscious encoding of incidental info, such as space, time, and frequency, and meaning of words