PSY 101 Module 3
Short-term memory (STM)
(also, working memory) holds about seven bits of information before it is forgotten or stored, as well as information that has been retrieved and is being used
Compare and contrast implicit and explicit memory.
Both are types of long-term memory. Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall. Explicit memory is also called declarative memory and is subdivided into episodic memory (life events) and semantic memory (words, ideas, and concepts). Implicit memories are memories that are not part of our consciousness; they are memories formed from behaviors. Implicit memory is also called non-declarative memory and includes procedural memory as well as things learned through classical conditioning.
The storage capacity of long-term memory is ________.
Essentially limitless
Implicit or Explicit memory: knowing the capital of Texas
Explicit
Implicit or Explicit memory: knowing the word for "flower" in Japanese
Explicit
Implicit or Explicit memory: remembering that time you fell out of a tree when you were five
Explicit
Implicit or Explicit memory: remembering what present you bought for your aunt
Explicit
Implicit or Explicit memory: solving a geometry problem
Explicit
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, name and describe the three stages of memory.
FIND THE ANSWER
Compare and contrast the two processes we use to encode information.
FIND THE ANSWER
Implicit or Explicit memory: climbing a tree
Implicit
Implicit or Explicit memory: hearing a French speaker and later noticing French food wherever you go
Implicit
Implicit or Explicit memory: opening a present
Implicit
Implicit or Explicit memory: speaking your native language
Implicit
Implicit or Explicit memory: writing using pen and paper
Implicit
Atkinson-Shiffrin model (A-S):
Memory model that states we process info through three systems: sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory
________ is another name for short-term memory.
Working memory
Retrieval
act of getting information out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness
Memory consolidation
active rehearsal to move information from short-term memory into long-term memory
The type of memory processing that is done without conscious awareness
automatic
Storage
creation of a permanent record of information
Effortful Processing
encoding of information that takes effort and attention
Effortful processing
encoding of information that takes effort and attention
Automatic processing
encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words
Visual encoding
input of images
Encoding
input of information into the memory system
Acoustic encoding
input of sounds, words, and music
Semantic encoding
input of words and their meaning
Implicit memory
memories that are not part of our consciousness
Explicit memory
memories we consciously try to remember and recall
Sensory memory
storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes
Memory
system or process that stores what we learn for future use
Self-reference effect
tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance
Semantic memory
type of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts
Episodic memory
type of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, also known as autobiographical memory
Procedural memory
type of long-term memory for making skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, and how to swim
Declarative memory
type of long-term memory of facts and events we personally experience
Automatic Processing
unconscious encoding of incidental info, such as space, time, and frequency, and meaning of words