Anthropology Chapter 6

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Family of procreation

a married couple and their children

Family

a social unit with economic cooperation, management of reproduction and child-rearing, and common residence

Consanguineal

biological, or "blood," relatives

Monogamy

one spouse at a time

descent group

group of relatives who live in close proximity with one another, help each other out economically and socially, and share and pass on property among one another. Also known as a family of orientation.

Kinship

helps all people know how to distribute resources and people efficiently and strategically

Cultural rules that address marrying closely related family

incest taboos

totem

plant, animal, or other natural thing—to represent the clan and provide a group identity, which can be worn on clothes, tattooed, or associated with particular colors

Marriage

socially or legally approved union between 2 or more adults; permanence usually seen as ideal; usually common residence

Cognatic

tracing descent through both males and females

Unilineal—("one line")

tracing descent through either your father's family line or your mother's family line, but not both

Descent

tracing your kinship through generations (your genealogy)

marriage is a union made legitimate by?

legal or cultural rules

Patrilocal

married couple lives with or near the husband's father

Avunculocal

married couple lives with or near the husband's mother's brother

4 traditional and primary economic transactions associated with marriage

1) Bridewealth- when goods are given from the groom's family to the bride's family. 2) Bride service- when the groom and/or his family labor for the bride's family. 3) Dowry- when goods or money are given from the bride's family to the groom or his family. 4) Reciprocal- exchange of gifts between the two families

some form of marriage and family serve a universal need or function for all humans. Those functions are?

1) Provide a way to regulate mating and reproduction. 2) Regulates sexual division of labor, so everything gets done efficiently and partners can benefit from each other's labor. 3) Family relationships regulate child-rearing. Because human offspring are pretty much dependent until around 10 or 11, families provide food, shelter, protection, education, emotional support,

Matrilocal

married couple lives with or near the wife's mother

Horizontal functions

By bringing together biologically unrelated families through marriage, there is a binding together of families, creating social stability across a culture.

Vertical functions

By keeping track of who your family is in older and younger generations, a sense of social continuity is created. This creates social stability across time.

Bilateral

Every biological ancestor and descendant is a socially recognized relative.

Polygyny

When a man is married to 2 or more women at the same time

Polyandry

When a woman marries 2 or more men at the same time. Usually, she marries brothers.

Clan

a group of allied lineages. They may claim to be all related, but it was so long ago, no one can remember the common ancestor

kinship is more about what?

culture says it is than about what biology says it is.

Affinal

kin ties based on marriage

Fictive

kinship obligations without blood or affinal ties

Ambilocal

married couple chooses between wife's or husband's relatives

Neolocal

married couple lives independently of any family

Lineage

members can trace their ancestry back to a common ancestor who lived about 10 generations ago

Polygamy

more than one spouse at a time

Levirate

when a widow marries her deceased husband's brother

Sororate

when a woman marries the husband of her deceased sister

Arranged marriage

when selection of a spouse is not in the control of the bride or groom

Rules of endogamy

you must marry someone inside your own social or kin group

Rules of exogamy

you must marry someone outside your own social or kin group

Cross-cousins

your mother's brother's children or your father's sister's children

Parallel cousins

your mother's sister's children or your father's brother's children


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