Anthropology Chapter 6
Family of procreation
a married couple and their children
Family
a social unit with economic cooperation, management of reproduction and child-rearing, and common residence
Consanguineal
biological, or "blood," relatives
Monogamy
one spouse at a time
descent group
group of relatives who live in close proximity with one another, help each other out economically and socially, and share and pass on property among one another. Also known as a family of orientation.
Kinship
helps all people know how to distribute resources and people efficiently and strategically
Cultural rules that address marrying closely related family
incest taboos
totem
plant, animal, or other natural thing—to represent the clan and provide a group identity, which can be worn on clothes, tattooed, or associated with particular colors
Marriage
socially or legally approved union between 2 or more adults; permanence usually seen as ideal; usually common residence
Cognatic
tracing descent through both males and females
Unilineal—("one line")
tracing descent through either your father's family line or your mother's family line, but not both
Descent
tracing your kinship through generations (your genealogy)
marriage is a union made legitimate by?
legal or cultural rules
Patrilocal
married couple lives with or near the husband's father
Avunculocal
married couple lives with or near the husband's mother's brother
4 traditional and primary economic transactions associated with marriage
1) Bridewealth- when goods are given from the groom's family to the bride's family. 2) Bride service- when the groom and/or his family labor for the bride's family. 3) Dowry- when goods or money are given from the bride's family to the groom or his family. 4) Reciprocal- exchange of gifts between the two families
some form of marriage and family serve a universal need or function for all humans. Those functions are?
1) Provide a way to regulate mating and reproduction. 2) Regulates sexual division of labor, so everything gets done efficiently and partners can benefit from each other's labor. 3) Family relationships regulate child-rearing. Because human offspring are pretty much dependent until around 10 or 11, families provide food, shelter, protection, education, emotional support,
Matrilocal
married couple lives with or near the wife's mother
Horizontal functions
By bringing together biologically unrelated families through marriage, there is a binding together of families, creating social stability across a culture.
Vertical functions
By keeping track of who your family is in older and younger generations, a sense of social continuity is created. This creates social stability across time.
Bilateral
Every biological ancestor and descendant is a socially recognized relative.
Polygyny
When a man is married to 2 or more women at the same time
Polyandry
When a woman marries 2 or more men at the same time. Usually, she marries brothers.
Clan
a group of allied lineages. They may claim to be all related, but it was so long ago, no one can remember the common ancestor
kinship is more about what?
culture says it is than about what biology says it is.
Affinal
kin ties based on marriage
Fictive
kinship obligations without blood or affinal ties
Ambilocal
married couple chooses between wife's or husband's relatives
Neolocal
married couple lives independently of any family
Lineage
members can trace their ancestry back to a common ancestor who lived about 10 generations ago
Polygamy
more than one spouse at a time
Levirate
when a widow marries her deceased husband's brother
Sororate
when a woman marries the husband of her deceased sister
Arranged marriage
when selection of a spouse is not in the control of the bride or groom
Rules of endogamy
you must marry someone inside your own social or kin group
Rules of exogamy
you must marry someone outside your own social or kin group
Cross-cousins
your mother's brother's children or your father's sister's children
Parallel cousins
your mother's sister's children or your father's brother's children