Anthropology Chapter 6: Globalization and Culture
The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to
accumulate prestige
Development anthropologists often think of themselves as
advocates of poor and marginalized people
Which of the following best describes the methodology of multi-sited ethnography?
comparative
The major goal of "development" is
importing health, expanding capitalist markets, and alleviating poverty
The research that anthropologist Karen Tranberg Hansen has done on secondhand clothing in Zambia is interesting because
it highlights how people impose local meanings on objects
The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Zapatistas in Mexico are examples of
localization
People who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries are called
migrant
A commodity chain analysis applied to motorcars would be interested in all of the following except
the layout of the factory in which they are built
Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following?
the more open a country is to foreign trade, the better the economy will be
A multi-sited ethnographer studying Mexican migrants in the United States would be most likely to conduct fieldwork (where)
(all of the above) participation surveys with resettled families, government officials
One of the main reasons localization interests anthropologists is that
global integration creates opportunity for local cultures to express themselves
Cultural differences are often caused by
isolation of communities
Which of the following is not true about hybridization theories?
it explains why conflicts is growing in the world
A world systems theory is important for all of the following reasons except
it lends itself readily to ethnographic methodology
Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication
mean that people in remote places can be in contact with people all over the world
Many arguments over global integration are about _____________, but anthropologists are just as interested in cultural nuances such as inequality, confrontation, domination, and resistance.
narrow economic policy questions (free trade, labor conditions, and outsourcing of jobs)
People around the world often think of development as undermining self-determination but will often accept it when it is _________________.
on their own terms
A key feature of financial globalization is
the reduction or elimation of tariffs to promote trade
Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?
History
Migrants
People who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries.
Refugees
People who migrate because of political oppression or war, usually with legal permission to stay in a different country.
Hybridization
Persistent cultural mixing that has no predetermined direction or end point.
Anthropologists are generally ignored by "development" experts at institutions like the World Bank.
false
James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists
to expand state power
Often, anthropologists use the term ___________ rather than "globalization" to refer to the "global" circulation of goods and people.
transnational
Globalization and localization are complementary dynamics.
true
The theory that explains why cultural differences have not disappeared because cultural consciousness is increasingly bringing people together around cultural similarities is
clash of civilizations theory
People in the periphery responded passively to capitalist expansion.
false
If a development anthropologist were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, they would probably emphasize
the overarching importance of listening to the priorites of our neighbors
Localization is the flip side of globalization.
true
The processes of capital accumulation and the expansion of European colonialism disrupted many societies.
true
Multi-sited ethnography
An ethnographic research strategy of following connections, associations, and putative relationships from place to place.
Diffusionists
Early twentieth-century Boasian anthropologists who held that cultural characteristics result from either internal historical dynamism or a spread (diffusion) of cultural attributes from other societies.
World culture
Norms and values that extend across national boundaries.
Exiles
People who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries.
Transnational
Relationships that extend beyond nation-state boundaries without assuming they cover the whole world.
Localization
The creation and assertion of highly particular, often place-based identities and communities.
Anthropology of development
The field of study within anthropology concerned with understanding the cultural conditions for proper development or, alternatively, the negative impacts of development projects.
Postcolonialism
The field that studies the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism.
systems theory would be most suited to which of the following research projects?
a historical study of indigenous resistance to colonialism
The linked elements that contribute to the manufacture of an object like a T-shirt is called a _________.
commodity chain
People participate in globalization by
consuming coca cola, watching tv, migrating to distant cities for work
Globalization is exciting to anthropologists right now because they have never studied interconnectivity before.
false
The authors think that cultural diversity persists in the world because cultures have been isolated from each other for so long but that diversity is bound to disappear as cultures intermingle more.
false
A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that
they explain the apparent decline of cultural diversity
Immigrants
People who leave their countries with no expectation of ever returning.
Development anthropology
The application of anthropological knowledge and research methods to the practical aspects of shaping and implementing development projects.
Cultural imperialism
The promotion of one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal means, like the spread of technology and material culture.
World systems theory
The theory that capitalism has expanded on the basis of unequal exchange throughout the world, creating a global market and a global division of labor, dividing the world between a dominant "core" and a dependent "periphery."
Globalization
The widening scale of cross-cultural interactions caused by the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas within nations and across national boundaries.
A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American television in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Australian outback are
being subjected to alien cultural influences
World systems theory helped anthropologists
better explain the historical emergence of development patterns throughout the world
Financial globalization has allowed for
corporations to move factories from one country to another
Cultural _____________ occurs when influential nations of the West impose their products and beliefs on less powerful nations.
cultural imperialism
Franz Boas and his students were __________, emphasizing that cultural characteristics result from a spread of cultural attributes from one society to another.
diffusionists
Cultural ________________ often exist not in spite of but because of global interconnections.
diversity
Anthropologists use _______________ to juxtapose phenomena that were once thought worlds apart.
ethnography
________ are people who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries.
exiles
When people consume the same clothes, food, and goods they eventually think and behave the same.
false
According to anthropologists, ___________ is the contemporary widening of scale of crosscultural interactions owing to the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas.
globalization
A synonym for hybridization is
sycretism, friction, creolization
A key difference between anthropologists of development and development anthropologists is
the first are analysts of development, the second seek ways to influence it from within
In a study on the Olympics a hybridization theorist would likely focus on
the unexpected social patterns that emerge from intermingling between athletes, fans, and officials from other countries
A key marker of development anthropology's success is when local perspectives and voices are paid attention to in development projects.
true
Which of the following are areas of social activity that globalization affects?
(all of the above), finances, communication, migration
