Anthropology Exam 4

A polytheistic religion recognizes ______gods, none of which is ________. a. many, supreme b. dualistic, sexed c. totemic, taboo d. polygamous, female

A

A____________is a custom whereby a woman is obliged to marry her sister's widower. a. sororate b. exogamy c. levirate d. endogamy

A

According to lecture and the film Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and in Wealth, racism and inequality adversely affect health status. a. True b. False

A

Bride________is a gift of goods or money from the groom or his kin to the bride's kin. a. price b. service c. exchange d. dowry

A

When an individual attempts to compel the supernatural to act on their behalf, which of the following is always true: a. divination is being performed b. sorcery is being performed c. witchcraft is being performed d. magic is being performed

D

Which number on the kinship diagram is Ego's cross cousin? a. 12 b. 13 c. 14 d. 15

D

Which type of society generally is the most stratified? a. food collectors/foragers/hunter-gatherers b. horticulturalist c. pastoralist d. intensive agricultural

D

The belief that nature is animated with impersonal spirits could be a description of: a. animism b. polytheism c. monotheism d. animatism

D

Approximately what percentage of societies allow women to participate in warfare? a. 88 b. 75 c. 65 d. 50 e. 25 f. 12

F

According to material presented in class, homosexual behavior is likely to be more tolerated in: a. Societies interested in increasing their population size. b. Societies that don't want to increase their population size. c. Only in industrial, western societies. d. Societies that are dependent on root horticulture

B

A ______ is a ranked group in which membership is determined at birth and marriage is restricted to members of one's own group. a. egalitarian b. caste c. class d. rank

B

A ________ is a category of persons who all have about the same opportunity to obtain economic resources, power and prestige. a. social group b. social class c. culture d. subculture

B

According to the _______theory, men may produce musical instruments from wood because men are the ones who collect the wood in the first place and probably understand its properties better. a. compatibility with child care theory b. economy of effort theory c. expendability theory d. strength theory

B

Anthropologists are reasonably certain that class stratification is as old as Homo sapiens, as the earliest archaeological evidence for social classes is approximately 180,000 years old and found in Africa. a. True b. False

B

Cross-cultural research discussed in class supports the idea that females are genetically pre-disposed to be passive as a personality trait. Thus the relative lack of females in positions of political power has a biological basis. a. True b. False

B

How probable is it that an individual will change their social class in an open class system? a. high probability b. low probability c. about even d. impossible

B

If Ego lives in a society that practices the Hawaiian form of kinship terminology, for which two people would he/she use the same kinship term? a. 4, 3 b. 4, 5 c. 4, 6 d. 1, 3

B

Most people in the city of Omaha practice which system of kinship terminology? a. Sudanese b. Eskimo (Inuit) c. Hawaiian d. Crow

B

The fact that people who are brought up together are uninterested in each other as marriage partners, even when the marriages are favored by their parents supports which theory of the incest taboo? a. the "cooperation" theory b. the "childhood familiarity" theory c. the "family disruption"theory d. Freud's Oedipal theory

B

Which form of ritual is part of religious experience in 90% of the world's societies? a. prayer b. physiological experience c. divination d. feasts e. sacrifices

B

Which number on the kinship diagram is Ego's parallel cousin? a. 15 b. 13 c. 11 d. 7

B

Which of the following is NOT a member of ego's patrilineage? a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 11

B

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about social stratification? a. Caste system societies are closed class societies. b. Social stratification is ancient, almost as old as Homo sapiens. c. Some theorists believe social stratification developed as a consequence of food production surplus. d. Egalitarian societies have no social stratification

B

__________ descent that establishes group membership exclusively through the female line. a. Patrilineal b. Matrilineal c. Kindred d. Omnilineal

B

Ego's nuclear family might include all of the following except: a. a father b. a mother c. a married uncle d. an unmarried sister

C

If Ego lives in a society that uses the Eskimo form of kinship terminology, whom would Ego call "uncle"? a. 2 b. 11 c. 2 and 6 d. 2 and 3

C

Industrial societies are noted for having unequal access to economic resources (wealth), power and prestige. What type of stratification exists in these societies? a. egalitarian b. caste c. class d. rank

C

Premarital sex is: a. Considered good for boys in some societies but is apparently universally discouraged for girls. b. Discouraged by almost all of the world's societies. c. Actively encouraged as preparation for marriage in some societies. d. More likely to be encouraged for girls than boys in most societies.

C

Which of the following forms of marriage is most common worldwide? a. polygyny b. polyandry c. monogamy/serial monogamy d. group marriage

C

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the woman / woman marriage custom found among the Nandi? a. It enables a woman without biological sons to inherit a share of her husband's property. b. It enables the woman who is the "wife" of the female husband to raise her status and live a more secure life. c. It legitimizes female homosexual relationships. d. It enables the female "husband" to raise her status by becoming the "mother" of sons.

C

Which of the following is not a primary subsistence activity? a. gathering plants b. hunting animals c. grinding corn d. herding animals

C

Which of the following terms may be defined as one woman married to multiple men at the same time? a. Polygamy b. Polygyny c. Polyandry d. Polyester

C

Which residence pattern is most closely linked to resource availability? a. matrilocal b. patrilocal c. ambilocal d. avunculocal e. neolocal.

C

___________ are persons who do not own their own labor, and as such, they represent at minimum a class. a. Peasants b. Serfs c. Slaves d. Prisoners

C

26. Which of the following is not an anthropological explanation for marriage? a. Gender division of labor. b. Prolonged infant dependency c. To minimize sexual competition d. Guaranteed sexual satisfaction.

D

A society is practicing which form of stratification when the members of the society have equal access to economic resources but not to prestige? a. egalitarian b. caste c. class d. rank

D

Human males tend to have a narrow pelvis. Human females tend to have a wide pelvis. This type of difference between human sexes is an example of: a. physiological differences b. natural selection c. genotypic differences d. sexual dimorphism e. sexual differences f. gender differences

D

Marriage is considered a________trait by anthropologists because it is practiced by all societies. a. dominant b. prescriptive c. sensible d. universal

D

One of the following systems of kinship terminology does not identify parallel cousins by the same term as brothers and sisters. Which one is it? a. Crow b. Hawaiian c. Iroquois d. Sudanese

D

The custom of allowing a man to marry more than one woman is: a. found in most societies anthropologists have studied b. found in only a small minority of societies c. almost always accompanied by rules specifying the rights of different wives. d. associated with family dynamics free of jealousy, suspicion and other dysfunctional attributes. e. both a & c f. both b & c

E

Which of the following is a true statement? a. Societies may be stratified by ethnicity. b. Societies may be stratified by class. c. Societies may be stratified by caste. d. Societies may be stratified by gender. e. All of the above are true statements. f. Only a and b are true statements.

E

Which of the following would not be a function of a unilineal descent group? a. Own property b. Determine religious affiliation c. Determine who an individual can or can't marry d. Organize a raid on a neighboring group e. All of the above are functions of unilineal descent groups

E

Who is considered to have the correct theory about the origins of religion? a. Durkheim b. Tylor c. James d. Freud e. None of the above

E

________________ may be defined as the beliefs and patterns of behavior by which people try to control those aspects of the universe that are otherwise beyond their control. a. Political organization b. Sorcery c. Kinship d. Witchcraft e. Religion

E

"Bacha posh" is a gender concept associated with which society? a. Nayar b. Etoro c. Cheyenne d. Azande e. Nandi f. Afghan g. Iraqi

F