Anthropology Quizzes/ Answers

Cannibalism is the

eating of one's own species.

Social inequality exists in a society when different segments of the population have unequal access to ______.

economic resources, power, and prestige

If all social groups in a society have equal access to wealth, prestige, and power, then anthropologists call that society

egalitarian.

___________ is the process by which a person learns their own culture. The "teachers" could be family, instructors, other members of the culture, or even the television.

enculturation

People commonly feel that the behaviors and customs that they've grown up with are the correct ones and that people in other societies who do not share those patterns are immoral or inferior. The tendency to judge other cultures without trying to grasp the reasons behind their customs is what anthropologists refer to as _________.

ethnocentrism

Participant-observation refers to the

fieldwork method of immersing oneself firsthand in the language and customs of a society.

The oldest human food-getting strategy characterizing most of human history was

foraging

As discussed in the Amish school shooting clip, one of the core values of the Amish subculture is

forgiveness

The following protest movements,__________________, helped transform discriminatory policies in 20th century U.S., creating an opportunity for __________________ or overlapping identities related to systems of domination and oppression.

free speech, feminist, civil rights, LGBT, anti-war; intersectionality

A movement that asserts an identity separate from a larger religious group and seeks to rescue religion from absorption into modern society is called

fundamentalism

Margaret Mead is perhaps best known for her study of cross-cultural differences in

gender and sex roles.

As discussed in "Changing Lives, Resistant Institutions," Gerson argues that ____________ must be "the centerpiece of collective efforts to restructure work and caretaking."

gender flexibility

Tasks and activities assigned to the sexes is/are called

gender roles

The tasks and activities assigned to the sexes are called

gender roles

The nuclear family is a cultural __________.

generality-found in most, but not all, cultures

Hijra often live in communal housing, led by a______________.

guru

Derek Freeman's criticism of Margaret Mead's ethnographic fieldwork has largely been debunked due to

his biased and unethical methodology.

____________ describes physical or psychological abuse against a woman or girl by another family member for engaging in behavior deemed by the family to be shameful, such as having premarital sex. This happens in many parts of the world and is highly prevalent in Pakistan.

honor violence

Feminism is best understood when examining the rights, or lack of rights, of individuals through the lens of ____________________, how all systems of inequality are linked together.

intersectionality

Knowledgeable people who are willing to work with anthropologists and provide inside perspectives on the culture under study are known as _________.

key informants

The study of communication by nonverbal or nonvocal means, including facial expression, posture, mannerisms, and gestures is called ______________.

kinesics or body language

The Amish rite of passage called Rumspringa is classified as a/an __________ phase from an etic perspective and has served the function of _______________ traditionally.

liminal, courtship

Transgender terminology has changed in recent years. When determining what term or pronoun to use, a best practice is to

listen and respect how the individual identifies.

In Dadi's Family, Dadi was the ____________ of the household and the ____________.

manager; mother-in-law and grandmother

The system of descent in which kinship is traced through the female line is called __________.

matrilineal

As discussed in Diamond's "Worst Mistake" article, studies have shown that many foraging and small-scale horticultural societies work just a few hours a day on subsistence and have much more leisure time than workers in complex societies. All of the following help explain this EXCEPT:

members of these societies are lazy and have no interest in work

As discussed in Dadi's Family, traditionally when girls are born

most people are unhappy as females are perceived as a burden in the patriarchal society.

Native Americans experience __________ type(s) of discrimination.

multiple

Hijras identify as

neither man, nor woman.

The etic perspective is also known as the _____________ or ______________ approach.

outsider/anthropological

In "Dadi's Family," the middle class farmers organized their society as

patriarchal, patrilocal, and patrilineal.

Compared to the traditional definition of family, a household may include __________.

people who are not related by kinship

listen and respect how the individual identifies.

pride, vanity, and materialism

All of the following are characteristics of religion except:

profane music.

The Amish value __________ as the most important part of their culture and identity.

religion

Marked differences in male and female biology besides the primary and secondary sexual features is called

sexual dimorphism

The role of European diseases in the depopulation of the "New World" was __________.

significant

All of the following traits are characteristic of foraging (food-collecting) societies EXCEPT:

social hierarchies reflected in ownership of land and wealthy possessions.

Egalitarian societies are LEAST likely to be found among

societies with intensive agriculture

The gender categories of makkunrai, calabai, calalai, bissu, and oroani are found in

the Bugis of Indonesia

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by __________ in ____________.

the United Nations; 1948

What two distinct sets of questions are sought by biological anthropologists?

the emergence and evolution of human beings: how and why contemporary humans vary biologically

A distinguishing feature of anthropology is the goal of understanding how aspects of human experience are interconnected, such as local history, physical environment, organization of family life, language, settlement patterns, and religion. This multifacted approach to culture is referred to as:

the holistic approach

The purpose of an arranged marriage is

to unite family groups together.

Masculinity that emphasizes a narrow construct of manhood and associates being a man with violence, greed, and dominance is identified as __________.

toxic

Peggy McIntosh defines privilege as

unearned advantage and conferring dominance

In a patrilineal society, children _________ the male status, such as in the Maasai culture.

validate

According to the HRC website and the "Born Equal" film, religious positions regarding LGBTQIA+

view LGBTQIA+ topics differently through their respective interpretations

According to author Lorde in "Man Child: A Black Lesbian Feminist's Response," black children in America must be raised to be _____________.

warriors

In a patrilineal kinship system, a married couple is most likely to reside __________.

with or near the parents of the groom

The revolutionary changeover from foraging to food production (cultivating and raising plants and animals) occurred in separate parts of the world beginning about __________ years ago.

10,000

Perpetrators of honor violence in Pakistan were male relatives of the victim _________ of the time.

53%

Agriculture is characterized by a:

??

The Maasai guardian of the forest is called the

??

From an emic perspective by supporters and practictioners, female genital circumcision is viewed as

???

One could use their privilege to protest societal inequalities by

A and B only

Black Panther Party members included

A and C

The anthropologist Victor Turner described communitas as:

A state of equality and oneness-a sense of solidarity.

The Amish live in a _____________ society, where the females are expected to be ____________ to the men.

A. patriarchal, submissive

A cultural anthropologist who spends a year or so living with, talking to, and observing people whose customs they are studying is known as:

An ethnographer

The power of the hijras in Indian culture comes through their:

Attempts to completely identify with a Hindu goddess and the divine.

Hunting and gathering is primarily associated with what political system?

Band

The term ____________ was a past French term to describe Two Spirit individuals and is considered derogatory today, as it translates into "kept boy" or "prostitute."

Berdache

According to author Wright in "To be Poor and Transgender," trans people that have "passing privilege" usually

Both A and B.

From an etic viewpoint, focusing on the World Heath Organization perspective, female genital circumcision is

Both A and B: harmful-because it is often non-medicalized, fostering infection and sometimes death AND harmful-because the procedure is psychologically damaging to women as it denies their sexuality and is a method to control their autonomy in a patriarchal society

A challenge to black lesbian mothers raising a son in the U.S. is

Both A and C.

In many cultures, which of the following is the most important function of marriage?

Both B and C

__________ is the analysis of the relationship between a culture and its environment.

Cultural ecology

The _______tribe believed women were 'dangerous' and that their life force was passed from elder to younger male through bodily fluids.

Etoro

Which of the following is an example of a rite of passage?

Getting married.

The ______________ is an organization that has advocated for the rights of LGBTQ individuals, putting pressure on the U.S. to change "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" laws and to promote marriage equality for all.

HRC

The hijra subculture:

Has a ritual role in Indian society.

Cross-cultural gender case studies in the Nanda textbook include

Hijras, Bissu, Kathoey

Which of the following is NOT an ethical consideration anthropologists take into account during their research?

How to make the most money from books resulting from their research.

The two-spirit are best described as:

Individuals that possess the masculine and the feminine, embodying a unique gender identity, are often considered to have supernatural powers or considered special.

The nuclear family appears to be well adapted to:

Industrialization.

Which of the following describe the form of culture change known as diffusion?

Many of the foods we eat, such as pasta and chicken, and the tools we use to eat them, such as forks and spoons, were introduced to us through contact with different cultures around the world.

A key leader of the Free Speech Movement at UC-Berkeley was a student named _______________, who is known for his famous "Bodies on the Gears" speech.

Mario Savio

The area of the world most associated with the two-spirit is:

Native societies of North America.

The Old Order Amish live according to the _____________, a set of rules enforced by the male bishops in the community.

Ordnung

From the Nanda reading: In Albania, some women become men and are called

Sworn Virgins

One reason that some societies allow women to take on male roles is:

To assure that there are people to fill all important kin positions.

Many Native American cultures have the concept of the ______________ individual, one that is believed to be special and often viewed as a third, and sometimes fourth, gender identity.

Two-Spirit

Culture shock occurs when __________.

a person has shifted from one culture to another and is feeling surprise or maybe disgust.

The classification of 198 protest methods includes

a. bans and boycotts b. protests c. public statements d. all of the above Answer:d

Main goals of the 1960s Black Panther Party included

a. fighting against police brutality b. providing community programs, such as free breakfast for children c. fighting against systemic racism and to empower African Americans d. All of the above. Answer: d

Among the reasons anthropology is relevant in today's world is:

a. if we understand why other groups are different from ourselves, there is less reason to condemn and mistreat them. b.it helps us realize that many differences between people around the world are the result of physical and cultural adaptations to different environments. c. as the world becomes increasingly globalized and interconnected, understanding and respect for cultural and physical differences can help avoid conflict and violent confrontation. d. all of the above Answer: D

Cultural changes that may alter the structure of Dadi's family include

a. love marriage b. Westernization and diffusion of culture c. education of women d. all of the above Answer: d

Systems of oppression include

a. political and religious b. educational and economic c. law enforcement and justice d. all of the above Answer: d

An emic approach focuses on __________.

a. what people in the study area say about their own culture b. gathering data on culturally shared rules for behavior c. explanations for culture offered by members of that culture d.events that have meaning for members of a particular culture e. all of the above Answer: E

Forms of privilege include

a. white privilege b. class privilege c. male privilege d. all of the above Answer: d

Marriage constructs include

all of the above

Social control in small-scale societies is centered around __________.

all of the above

Students with privilege at UC-Berkeley were looking

all of the above

Systems of oppression include

all of the above

The effects of colonialism and neo-colonialism include

all of the above

Which of the following is an example of homophobia?

all of the above

A major challenge to involved parenting in the U.S. is

all of the above.

Challenges to the transgender community include

all of the above.

The rejection of the modern in favor of what is perceived as an earlier, purer, and better way of life is called

anti-modernism

Hunting and gathering is associated with what political system?

band

The four subfields of anthropology are:

biological/physical, cultural, linguistic, archaeology.

A main difference between chimpanzees and bonobos is that _________.

bonobos use sexual interactions to prevent conflict

When doing fieldwork, establishing rapport __________.

can involve exchanging gifts with the local people

An example of nonhuman primate culture is __________.

certain forms of greeting such as the raised hand clasp

Margaret Mead was the first anthropologist to stud

child rearing and women in cross- cultural perspective.

Sets of learned and shared behaviors and ideas that are characteristic of a particular social group comprise the anthropological definition of:

culture

Influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution, the 19th century anthropologists Edward Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan proposed that

cultures evolve from simple to complex in a uniform and progressive way through a series of predictable stages.