BIOL 1010: Ch 14- Digestive Track

Which of the following are accessory organs associated with the human digestive system? - spleen - liver - gallbladder - pancreas - stomach

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination occur in the tube called the digestive

Track

T or F: both mechanical and chemical digestion occur in the mouth

True, chewing is a form of mechanical digestion. Salivary gland's release saliva, which contains digestive enzymes

The structures that increase surface area for absorption in the small intestine are the circular folds, _________, and microvilli

Villi

What are the regions of the small intestine?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

The muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach is the _____

esophagus

Where does mechanical digestion begin?

mouth

What are the components of gastric juice?

pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, mucus,

Rhythmic muscular contraction that moves food down the esophagus is called

peristalsis

Food passes through the _______ (throat) at the back of the mouth then into the esophagus

pharynx

Swallowing is an action that is performed without conscious thought and therefore is called a(n) ________ action

Reflex

What digestive enzyme is found in the mouth?

Salivary amylase

The longest portion of the digestive track is the

Small intestine

In the name small intestine, the word small refers to

The diameter of the organ

Name the functions of the large intestine

- elimination of feces - absorption of water - absorption of some vitamins

What processes occur in the digestive track?

- separation or food into chemical nutrients - elimination or indigestible remains - ingestion of food - absorption of chemical nutrients

List the three regions of the small intestine as they occur from the stomach to the large intestine

1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

Name the functions of the pancreas

1. Produces enzymes that break down all types of food 2. Produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the stomach acid

Name the functions of the liver

1. Secretion of bile 2. Maintenance of blood glucose level 3. Detoxification of poisons

The cecum is part of the _______ intestine.

large

The organ that produces bile is the

liver

the largest gland in the human body is the

liver

The structural and functional units of the liver are called

lobules

What structure regulates the flow of chyme out of the stomach?

pyloric sphincter

The deep folds of the stomach are called

rugae

The sensory receptors on the surface of the tongue that provide us with the ability to taste food are called

taste buds

Which structures increase surface area in the small intestine

villi and microvilli

Absorption of what molecule occurs in the large intestine?

water

The enzymatic breakdown of macro molecules into small organic molecules within the digestive track is called chemical _______

Digestion

protein molecules called digestive _______ are essential for chemical digestion

Enzymes

During swallowing food passes from the pharynx into the

Esophagus

T or F: Bile is produced by the gallbladder

False. It is produced by the liver

Which substances Does the liver convert between in order to maintain blood glucose levels - glucose - glycogen - starch - glycerol

Glucose and glycogen

The appendix is part of which intestine

Large intestine

Accessory organs associated with the human digestive system are the salivary glands, pancreas, gallbladder, and the

Liver

The gallbladder is closely associated with what organ?

Liver

salivary glands release saliva into the

Mouth

The enzyme that is produced as part of the gastric juices is _________

Pepsin

Describe taste buds

- stimulated by the presence of food - found on tongue - provide nerve impulses

In humans, the cecum has a small projection called the vermiform _______

Appendix

Three structures are located between the lobules of the liver: a bile duct, a branch of the hepatic ______ that brings oxygen rich blood to the liver, and a branch of the hepatic portal ________ that transports nutrients from the intestines

Artery, vein

What structure serves as both an air passageway and a good passageway?

Pharynx

Put these in order: pharynx, stomach, esophagus

Pharynx, esophagus, stomach

The _______ intestine is followed by the ________ intestine, which has a greater diameter but is shorter than the small intestine.

Small, large

What does the pancreas produce to neutralize stomach acid ?

Sodium bicarbonate

At the juncture between the esophagus and the stomach, there is a circular muscle called a(n) ______

Sphincter

Saliva contains enzymes that function in the digestion of what?

Starch

Which organs play a role in chemical digestion? - large intestine - stomach - liver - mouth

Stomach and mouth

Which organs play a role in mechanical digestion? - stomach - large intestine - liver - mouth

Stomach and mouth