BIOL 1010: Ch 14- Digestive Track
Which of the following are accessory organs associated with the human digestive system? - spleen - liver - gallbladder - pancreas - stomach
Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination occur in the tube called the digestive
Track
T or F: both mechanical and chemical digestion occur in the mouth
True, chewing is a form of mechanical digestion. Salivary gland's release saliva, which contains digestive enzymes
The structures that increase surface area for absorption in the small intestine are the circular folds, _________, and microvilli
Villi
What are the regions of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
The muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach is the _____
esophagus
Where does mechanical digestion begin?
mouth
What are the components of gastric juice?
pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, mucus,
Rhythmic muscular contraction that moves food down the esophagus is called
peristalsis
Food passes through the _______ (throat) at the back of the mouth then into the esophagus
pharynx
Swallowing is an action that is performed without conscious thought and therefore is called a(n) ________ action
Reflex
What digestive enzyme is found in the mouth?
Salivary amylase
The longest portion of the digestive track is the
Small intestine
In the name small intestine, the word small refers to
The diameter of the organ
Name the functions of the large intestine
- elimination of feces - absorption of water - absorption of some vitamins
What processes occur in the digestive track?
- separation or food into chemical nutrients - elimination or indigestible remains - ingestion of food - absorption of chemical nutrients
List the three regions of the small intestine as they occur from the stomach to the large intestine
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum
Name the functions of the pancreas
1. Produces enzymes that break down all types of food 2. Produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the stomach acid
Name the functions of the liver
1. Secretion of bile 2. Maintenance of blood glucose level 3. Detoxification of poisons
The cecum is part of the _______ intestine.
large
The organ that produces bile is the
liver
the largest gland in the human body is the
liver
The structural and functional units of the liver are called
lobules
What structure regulates the flow of chyme out of the stomach?
pyloric sphincter
The deep folds of the stomach are called
rugae
The sensory receptors on the surface of the tongue that provide us with the ability to taste food are called
taste buds
Which structures increase surface area in the small intestine
villi and microvilli
Absorption of what molecule occurs in the large intestine?
water
The enzymatic breakdown of macro molecules into small organic molecules within the digestive track is called chemical _______
Digestion
protein molecules called digestive _______ are essential for chemical digestion
Enzymes
During swallowing food passes from the pharynx into the
Esophagus
T or F: Bile is produced by the gallbladder
False. It is produced by the liver
Which substances Does the liver convert between in order to maintain blood glucose levels - glucose - glycogen - starch - glycerol
Glucose and glycogen
The appendix is part of which intestine
Large intestine
Accessory organs associated with the human digestive system are the salivary glands, pancreas, gallbladder, and the
Liver
The gallbladder is closely associated with what organ?
Liver
salivary glands release saliva into the
Mouth
The enzyme that is produced as part of the gastric juices is _________
Pepsin
Describe taste buds
- stimulated by the presence of food - found on tongue - provide nerve impulses
In humans, the cecum has a small projection called the vermiform _______
Appendix
Three structures are located between the lobules of the liver: a bile duct, a branch of the hepatic ______ that brings oxygen rich blood to the liver, and a branch of the hepatic portal ________ that transports nutrients from the intestines
Artery, vein
What structure serves as both an air passageway and a good passageway?
Pharynx
Put these in order: pharynx, stomach, esophagus
Pharynx, esophagus, stomach
The _______ intestine is followed by the ________ intestine, which has a greater diameter but is shorter than the small intestine.
Small, large
What does the pancreas produce to neutralize stomach acid ?
Sodium bicarbonate
At the juncture between the esophagus and the stomach, there is a circular muscle called a(n) ______
Sphincter
Saliva contains enzymes that function in the digestion of what?
Starch
Which organs play a role in chemical digestion? - large intestine - stomach - liver - mouth
Stomach and mouth
Which organs play a role in mechanical digestion? - stomach - large intestine - liver - mouth
Stomach and mouth