AP 104: Exam 1

All hormones are

chemical messengers

Which of the following is the pancreatic hormone that is released when blood glucose levels rise

insulin

A persons blood type is determined by the

presence or absence of specific antigens on the plasma membrane

Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called

target cells

In addition to Rh, what are the other main surface antigens on red blood cells that determine blood type?

A and B

The posterior pituitary releases 2 hormones:

ADH and oxytocin

______ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced

Anemia

What is the name of the pancreatic cells that produce insulin?

Beta cells

Where is the mitral valve found

Between the left atria and left ventricle

What is the name of the orange yellow pigment that the heme in hemoglobin is converted into

Bilirubin

Increases levels of the hormone ______ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood

Calcitonin

Which of the following is not a major group of hormones?

Carbohydrate derivatives

What is the primary function of red blood cells

Carry gases

The first heart sound (lubb) in produced as the atrioventricular valves ______ and the semilunar valves ______

Close; open

Phagocytosis is a form of what kind of vesicular transport

Endocytosis

One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is

Epinephrine

The formation of red blood cells is called

Erythropoiesis

2 hormones referred to as gonadotropins are

FSH and LH

Cushing's disease is caused by a hypersecretion of what hormones

Glucocorticoids

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are all

Granulocytes

The primary function of white blood cells is to

Help defend the body against pathogens

The process that occurs after agglutination

Hemolysis

The mechanism in the body which stops bleeding and prevents blood loss is known as

Hemostasis

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?

Hypothalamus

What cells produce androgens in the testes?

Interstitial cells

What is the name of the cell type that is found in connective tissue proper that has cytoplasm packed with granules filled with histamine and haparin

Mast cells

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation

Myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC

The muscle layer of the heart is the

Myocardium

Which organ system produces hormones that directly control the secretions of the pituitary gland?

Nervous system

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is

Parathyroid hormone

The heart is surrounded by the

Pericardial cavity

What kind of lipid consists of 2 hydrophobic fatty acids and a hydrophilic nonlipid head?

Phospholipids

What is the name of the former element that is critical for initiating the formation of a blood clot

Platelet

What ion is involved in hyperkalemia

Potassium

What is the chief difference between plasma and serum?

Presence/absence of clotting proteins

What is the name for the type of cell that is sensitive to changes in stimuli?

Receptor

Which one of the specialized cells found in blood functions to transport oxygen?

Red blood cells

Which of the following is the correct flow of blood?

SVC, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk

What is the other system of the efferent division that has voluntary control

Somatic nervous system

The amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during a single beat is called the

Stroke volume

What is the name of the cranial nerve that innervates visceral organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities with both sensory and motor fibers?

Vagus

What is the function of the cardiovascular system

transports cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases

Which of the following supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart

Coronary arteries

One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is

Cortisol

What kind of reaction joins together 2 monosaccharides to form a disaccharide such as sucrose?

Dehydration synthesis

Which organ system synthesizes the precursor that leads to the production of the hormone calcitriol?

Integumentary system

Which organ systems provides some protection for endocrine organs

Integumentary, muscular, and skeletal

Each cardiac muscle cell is bound to its neighboring cells at sites called

Interpolated discs