AP BIO chapter 9 test banks
Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are
B) 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP.
Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during
B) the citric acid cycle.
Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction?
A) C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reduced.
Which portion of the pathway in Figure 9.1 contains a phosphorylation reaction in which ATP is the phosphate source?
A) A
In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the production of
A) ATP, CO₂, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol).
Which statement best supports the hypothesis that glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway that originated before the last universal common ancestor of life on Earth?
A) Glycolysis is widespread and is found in the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?
A) The pH of the matrix increases.
Which of the following normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen (O₂) is present?
A) glycolysis
Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
A) glycolysis and fermentation
The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is
A) oxygen.
For each mole of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO₂ are released in the citric acid cycle (see Figure 9.2)?
B) 4
Which step in Figure 9.1 shows a split of one molecule into two smaller molecules?
B) B
Which of the following most accurately describes what is happening along the electron transport chain in Figure 9.3?
B) Each electron carrier alternates between being reduced and being oxidized.
Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?
B) It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
When skeletal muscle cells undergo anaerobic respiration, they become fatigued and painful. This is now known to be caused by
B) buildup of lactate.
What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?
B) catabolic pathways
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
B) oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle
In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate
B) two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced.
How many oxygen molecules (O₂) are required each time a molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water via aerobic respiration,?
C) 6
Which step in Figure 9.1 is a redox reaction?
C) C
In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
C) NADH and pyruvate
Where do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the citric acid cycle?
C) acetyl CoA
Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?
C) glycolysis
When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes
C) oxidized.
In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions
C) provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient.
Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle (see Figure 9.2)?
D) 3 ATP, 6 CO₂, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH₂
Figure 9.3 shows the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the combination of substances that is initially added to the chain?
D) NADH, FADH₂, and O₂
Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods?
D) They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.
A molecule that is phosphorylated
D) has an increased chemical potential energy; it is primed to do cellular work.
Even though plants carry on photosynthesis, plant cells still use their mitochondria for oxidation of pyruvate. When and where will this occur?
D) in all cells all the time
For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (see Figure 9.2), what is the total number of NADH + FADH₂ molecules produced?
E) 12
Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) in aerobic cellular respiration?
E) 60-64
Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?
E) citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen
Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?
E) cytosol
Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water?
E) oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)
What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction?
E) pyruvate