AP Bio - Chapters 4 & 5

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

transport vesicles

Some proteins constructed on RER are transported by _____ for secretion to the outside or insertion in other membranes.

vesicle

exocytosis is the exportation of waste materials or specific products by the fusion of a _____________ with the plasma membrane of a cell.

hydrogen peroxide

peroxisomes get their name from the fact that they produce ____________ during oxidation reactions

thylakoid

________ membranes contain chlorophyll that traps sunlight energy and converts it to chemical energy in ATP.

aquaporins

_________ are channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water through the plasma membrane in response to osmotic gradients.

chloroplasts

__________ are organelles that contain green pigments taht trap light energy for photosynthesis.

resolution

__________ is the capacity to distinguish fine detail in image.

centrioles

___________ may play a role in some types of microtubule formation.

magnification

____________ is the ratio of microscopic size to actual size of an object.

peripheral membrane proteins

______________ are not embedded in the lipid bilayer.

integral membrane proteins

________________ have hydrophobic regions that interact with the fatty acid tails of the membrane phospholipids

pinocytosis

a cell takes in dissolved materials

protein

a variety of membrane functions is made possible by the diversity of __________ molecules in membranes

gap junctions

plasmodesmata in plant cells are functionally equivalent to _____________ in animal cells.

cellulose

plant cell walls are composed primarily of ________ and smaller quantities of other polysaccharides.

plasma membrane

All cells are enclosed by a __________________

plasma membrane

All cells are physically separated from the external environment by a ____.

chromatin

DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex known as _____________.

size, shape, and electrical charge

Diffusion rate is affected by temperature and the ______________ of the moving particles.

nucleus

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is contained in the ________.

digestive enzymes

Lysosomes are small sacs containing _________ that can break down complex molecules, foreign substances, and "dead" organelles.

alpha a beta tubulin

Microtubules consist of these two proteins:

ribosomes

Rough RER is studded with ___________ that are involved in protein synthesis.

nonpolar

Small ________ molecules easily permeate plasma membranes

strength, shape, and movement

The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that are responsible for the ______________ of cells.

endoplasmic reticulum

The _______ is a complex of intracytoplasmic membranes that compartmentalize the cytoplasm.

nuclear envelope

The ________ consists of two concentric membranes that separate the nuclear contents from the surrounding cytoplasm.

tonoplast

The membrane of a vacuole is called the _________.

cells

are the building blocks of complex multicellular organisms.

fewer

because of the sodium-potassium pump, there are __________ potassium ions inside the cell relative to the sodium ions outside.

cell fractionation

cell components are separated by a method known as _________.

eukaryotic

cells are relatively complex and possess both membrane-bound organelles and a "true" nucleus.

prokaryotic

cells are relatively lacking in complexity, and their genetic material is not enclosed by membranes.

phagocytosis

in ______________ a cell ingests large, solid particles

glycocalyx

in most eukaryotic cells polysaccharide side chains of proteins and lipids form a _____________, or cell coat, that is part of the plasma membrane

myosin

in muscle cells actin is associated with the protein __________ to form fibers associated with muscle contraction

cisternae

in some cells the Golgi consists of flattened membranous sacs called _____________.

intermediate filaments

keratin and neurofilaments are examples of tough, flexible fibers called _________________ that stabilize cell shape.

cadherins

membrane proteins known as ___________ are responsible for calcium-dependent adhesion between cells in multicellular sheets.

compartments

membranes divide the eukaryotic cell into _____________.

free radicals

mitochondria negatively affect health and aging through the release of ______________.

desmotubule

most plasmodesmata contain a cylinder-shaped structure called the ___________.

symporters

move two types of substances in one direction

hydrocarbon chains

the two-dimensional fluid property of the lipid bilayer is due to the constant motion of _______________.

ultrastructure

powerful electron microscopes are used to study the ____________ of cells.

Golgi complex

primary lysosomes are formed by budding form the _____________.

plasma membrane

products are secreted from cells by the fusion of vesicles with the ___________.

blood-brain barrier

the _______, composed of tight junctions, prevents many substances in the blood from passing into the brain.

osmotic pressure

the ________ of a solution is determined by the amount of dissolved substances in the solution.

sizes and shapes

the ____________ of cells are related to the functions they perform.

mitochondria

the chemical reactions that convert food energy to ATP take place in organelles called ___________.

amphipathic

the cylindrical shape and strongly ___________ character of phospholipid molecules are features responsible for teh formation of the bilayer.

negatively

the distribution of sodium and potassium across cell membranes causes the inside of the cell to be ____________ charged relative to the outside

endomembrane system

the internal membrane system in the eukaryotic cell is known as ____________.

organelles

the internal structures of cells that carry on life's activities are called ______________.

osmosis

the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

phospholipids

the physical properties of biological membranes are due primarily to their ______________.

indirect active transport

the process whereby the movement of one solute down its concentration gradient provides the energy to transport another solute up its concentration gradient known as ____________.

uniporters

transport oen type of substance in one direction


Ensembles d'études connexes

Maternal & Child Practice Exam 1

View Set

General Anthropology Final Exam Study Set

View Set

LARA-NOUR'S ULTIMATE 2020 AP ART HISTORY STUDY GUIDE

View Set

Biochemistry Exam 3 Study Guide Questions

View Set

Chapter 33 - Equal Opportunity in Employment

View Set

AP World History Unit 6 Test Strayer

View Set