AP BIO evolution quiz
What structures have similar structures but different ancestry, similar solution to similar problems but do not indicate close relatedness? a. analogous structures b. Vestigial structures c. Homologous structures d. Evolution
a. analogous structures
mutation is the only evolutionary mechanism that__. a. does little to change allele frequencies b. happens in all populations c. is more important in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes d. has no effect on genetic variation
a. does little to change allele frequencies
Which was on these is not a main stage of the origin of life? a. Abiotic synthesis of organic molecules b. Joining large molecules c. Pack molecules into protocells/droplets with membranes d. Origin of self-replicating molecules
b. Joining large molecules
What type of speciation has no barrier and has separation due to another cause? a. Sympatric speciation b. Allopatric speciation c. Genetic specification d. Frequent speciation
a. Sympatric speciation
What is the classification of organisms? a. Taxonomy b. Clades c. Groups d. Species
a. Taxonomy
What is required for the formation of new species a. Being adaptively compatible b. Having a perfect habitat for mating c. Being reproductively compatible d. Being isolated
c. Being reproductively compatible
How many phyla of invertebrates are there? a. 30 b. 40 c. 20 d. 10
a. 30
Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time? a. All variation between individuals is due to environmental factors b. The environment is changing at a relatively slow rate c. The population size is large d. The population lives in a habitat where there are no competing species present
a. All variation between individuals is due to environmental factors
First life (4-4.1 BYA), was most likely ____. a. An archaea pseudo cell b. A prokaryotic multicellular organism c. A photosynthesizing cyanobacteria d. A cell without a phospholipid compartment
a. An archaea pseudo cell
_____ leads to a new species with certain traits desired by humans. a. Artificial selection b. Homology c. Gene pool d. The founder effect e. The bottleneck effect
a. Artificial selection
Which of the following is the best modern definition of evolution? a. Descent with modification b. Survival of the fittest c. Change in the number of genes in a population over time d. Inheritance of acquired characteristics
a. Descent with modification
What is convergent evolution? a. Different organisms independently evolve similar traits. b. Different organisms independently evolve very different traits c. Similar organisms independently evolve similar traits d. Similar organisms independently evolve different traits
a. Different organisms independently evolve similar traits.
Natural selection is most similar to what concept? a. Differential reproductive success b. Gene flow c. Diploidy d. Nonmating random selection e. Genetic drift
a. Differential reproductive success
What is radial symmetry? a. Division of body into identical halves b. Division of body into multiple segments c. Division of body into multiple segments for flexibility d. Division of body into unequal parts
a. Division of body into identical halves
Mutation is the only evolutionary mechanism that___. a. Does little to change allele frequencies b. Happens in all populations c. Is more important in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes d. Has no effect on genetic variation
a. Does little to change allele frequencies
What would be describe a mesoderm? a. Flatworm b. Jellyfish c. Beetle d. Starfish
a. Flatworm
What is the Hardy Weinberg principle? a. Frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work. b. Frequencies of phenotypes and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work. c. Frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will be inconsistent from generation to generation provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work. d. Frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation provided that only molecular segregation and recombination of alleles are at work.
a. Frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work.
What consists of all copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members of the population? a. Gene pool b. Population c. Allele d. Allele frequencies
a. Gene pool
What is a major factor that altars allele frequencies? a. Genetic drift b. Founder effect c. Bottleneck effect d. Natural selection
a. Genetic drift
Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population? a. Genetic variation among individuals b. Variation among individuals caused by environmental factors c. Sexual reproduction d. B and C only
a. Genetic variation among individuals
What is biogeography? a. Geographic distribution of species b. Similar species on distant continents today due to Pangea c. Species in a certain location and nowhere else d. One species in a location
a. Geographic distribution of species
The theory that the most well-adapted individuals in one generation tend to be the ones that leave the most offspring is called __________. a. Natural Selection b. Evolution c. Genetic Drift d. Adaptation
a. Natural Selection
Why was there not oxygen before life? a. No photosynthesis b. Too much photosynthesis c. No proteins d. No gas
a. No photosynthesis
Which of the following constitutes the smallest unit capable of undergoing evolution? a. Population b. Group c. Individual d. Clade e. Community
a. Population
What is the correct order of Invertebrate Evolution? a. Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Worms, Mollusca, Arthropods, Echinoderms b. Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Porifera, Echinoderms, Worms, Mollusca, Arthropods c. Worms, Mollusca, Arthropods, Echinoderms, Porigera, Ctenophores, Cnidaria d. Porifera, Echinoderms, Ctenophora, Arthropods, Cnidaria, Worms, Mollusca
a. Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Worms, Mollusca, Arthropods, Echinoderms
What is the bottleneck effect? a. Server drop in population size and only surviving reproduce b. Severe rise in population size and only surviving reproduce c. Severe rise in population size and only the dying reproduce d. Severe drop in population size and no reproduction
a. Server drop in population size and only surviving reproduce
it has been observed that organisms on islands are different forms, but closely related to, similar forms found on the nearest continent. this is taken as evidence that a. island forms are descended from mainland forms. b. common environments are inhabited by the same organisms. c. island forms and mainland forms have identical gene pools d. the island forms and mainland forms are converging
a. island forms are descended from main land forms.
most causes of speciation are relatively slow, in that they may take many generations to see changes , with the exception of a. polyploidy b. colonization c. reinforcement d. natural selection
a. polyploidy
Random genetic drift would probably have its greatest effect on a a. small, isolated population b. large population in which mating is nonrandom c. large population in which mating is random d. large population with a high mutation rate
a. small, isolated population
which of the following is not a characteristic of a stable, non-evolving populations? a. the population is small b. there is no natural selection in the population c. there is no migration in or out of the population d. mating in the population is random
a. the population is small
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of ;life? 1) Formation of protobionts 2) Synthesis of organic monomers 3) Synthesis of organic polymers 4) Formation of DNA- based genetic systems a. 1,2,3,4 b. 2,3,1,4 c. 1,3,2,4 d. 2,3,4,1
b. 2,3,1,4
arrange the following in order from most general to most specific 1) natural selection 2) microevolution 3) interasexual selection 4) evolution 5) sexual selection a) 4,1,2,3,5 b.4,2,1,5,3 c. 4,2,1,3,5, d.1,4,2,5,3
b. 4,2,1,5,3
Which of the following is not a restriction on the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium? a. No Mutation b. A decrease in gene frequency c. No Natural Selection d. No Gene Flow e. Large Population f. Random Mating Selection g. Genetic Drift
b. A decrease in gene frequency
What is the correct order of Vertebrate Evolution under the Phylum Chordata? a. Mammals, Birds, Reptilia, Amphibia, Gnatha, Agnatha b. Agnatha, Gnatha, Amphibia, Reptilia, Birds, Mammals c. Amphibia, Reptilia, Birds, Gnatha, Agnatha, Mammals d. Gnatha, Agnatha, Birds, Mammals, Reptilia, Amphibia
b. Agnatha, Gnatha, Amphibia, Reptilia, Birds, Mammals
Which of these naturalists synthesized a concept of natural selection independently of Darwin? a. Charles Lyell b. Alfred Wallace c. Gregor Mendel d. John Henslow e. Thomas Malthus
b. Alfred Wallace
Why do scientists believe that mitochondria and chloroplasts were the earliest life forms? a. DNA b. Could replicate on its own c. Two membranes d. All of the above
b. Could replicate on its own
Species that are found only in a particular geographical location are said to be ____. a. Behaviorally evolved b. Endemic c. Speciated d. Undergoing behavioral isolation e. Undergoing mechanical isolation
b. Endemic
Species that are found only in one particular geographic region are said to be a. Speciated b. Endemic c. Behaviorally evolved d. Undergoing behavioral isolation e. Undergoing mechanical isolation
b. Endemic
The condition in which there are barriers to inbreeding between individuals of the same species separated by a portion of a mountain range is referred to ____. a. Minute variations b. Geographic isolation c. Infertility d. Differential breeding capacity
b. Geographic isolation
_____ is one result of evolution from a common ancestor. a. Artificial selection b. Homology c. Gene pool d. The founder effect e. The bottleneck effect
b. Homology
Genetic variation ____. a. Is created by the direct action of natural selection b. Must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population c. Arises in response to change in the environment d. Tends to be reduced by when diploid organisms produce gametes
b. Must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population
What is NOT one of the 5 conditions for the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium? a. Random mating b. Population size must be extremely small c. No gene flow d. No mutations e. No genetic drift
b. Population size must be extremely small
What was the first genetic material? a. DNA b. RNA c. mRNA d. tRNA
b. RNA
What is natural selection? a. The gradual accumulation of adaptions to changing or different environments b. Species reproducing but not all genes descending. c. Traits that enhance mating d. Evolution with similar features
b. Species reproducing but not all genes descending.
In a particular bird species, individuals with average-sized wings survive severe storms more successfully than other birds in the same population with longer or shorter wings. This displays a. The founder effect b. Stabilizing selection c. Artificial selection d. Gene flow e. Diversifying solution
b. Stabilizing selection
What removes extreme variants from the populations and preserve intermediate type? a. Directional selection b. Stabilizing selection c. Disruptive selection d. Intrasexual selection
b. Stabilizing selection
What is a notochord? a. Third layer of cells b. Stiff support rod c. Strong leg bone d. Control of organism
b. Stiff support rod
What are vestigial structures? a. Will serve an as important structure but now has no use b. Used to serve as an important structure but now has no use c. Will serve as an important structure as now still has use d. Used to serve as an important structure and now still has use
b. Used to serve as an important structure but now has no use
which of these conditions are always true of populations evolution is natural selection? condition 1: the population must vary in traits that are heritable condition 2: some heritable traits must increase reproductive success. condition 3: individuals pass on more traits that they acquire during their lifetime a. condition 1 only b. condition 1 and 2 c. conditions 2 only d. conditions 2 and 3
b. conditions 1 and 2
Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution by natural selection was revolutionary because it ____. a. was the first theory to refute the ideas of special creation b. dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the importance of variation and change in populations c. proved that individuals acclimated to their environment over time d. was the first time a biologist had proposed that species change through time
b. dismissed the idea that species are constant and emphasized the importance of variation and change in populations
a biologist doing a long term study on a wild population observed increases variation in silk thickness. which of the following could the spider population be experiencing? a. directional selection b. disruptive selection c. stabilizing selection d. genetic drift
b. disruptive selection
In comparing several populations of the same species, the population with the greatest genetic variation would have the a. greatest number of genes b. greatest number of alleles per gene c. greatest number of population members d. largest gene pool
b. greatest number of alleles per gene
which of the following scientists hypothesized that organisms can pass down traits acquired during their lifetime? a. carolus linnaeus b. jean-baptiste lamarck c. gregor mendel d. charles darwin
b. jene-baptists lamarck
which of the following theories representing lamarckian evolution is false? a. inheritance of acquired characteristics b. theory of genetic chance c. principle of use and discuss d. all of the choices are correct
b. theory of genetic chance
How long did the Cambrian Explosion occur? a. 5 million years b. 2 million years c. 13-25 million years d. 30 million years
c. 13-25 million years
Around what time did chloroplasts first appear? a. 300 mya b. 125 mya c. 2000 mya d. 395 mya
c. 2000 mya
When did the Cambrian Explosion happen? a. 700 mya b. 800 mya c. 518 mya d. 1000 mya
c. 518 mya
Which of the following describes the Bottleneck effect? a. Unpredictable fluctuation in allele frequencies from one generation to another b. A few individuals become isolated from a larger population and make a new one c. A sudden change in the environment drastically reducing the population size d. Gaining or losing alleles by genetic additions or subtractions from the population
c. A sudden change in the environment drastically reducing the population size
Homology can best be described as... a. Structures of marginal importance in an organism b. Forelimbs of mammals that are now used for a variety of purposes c. Characteristics in related species can have an underlying similarity even with different functions d. Distantly related species can resemble each other
c. Characteristics in related species can have an underlying similarity even with different functions
Which of these mechanisms by which sexual reproduction shuffles existing alleles is not true? a. Crossing-over b. Independent assortment of chromosomes c. Dependent assortment of chromosomes d. Fertilization
c. Dependent assortment of chromosomes
_____ constitutes all of the alleles in a population a. Artificial selection b. Homology c. Gene pool d. The founder effect e. The bottleneck effect
c. Gene pool
What is the correct order of Plantae Evolution? a. Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, Tracheophyta, Bryophyta, Green Algae b. Green Algae, Tracheophyta, Bryophyta, Angiosperms, Gymnosperms c. Green Algae, Bryophyta, Tracheophyta, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms d. Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Bryophyta, Tracheophyta, Green Algae
c. Green Algae, Bryophyta, Tracheophyta, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms
What is prezygotic isolation: a closely related species but live in different places. a. Temporal isolation b. Behavioral isolation c. Habitat isolation d. Mechanical isolation
c. Habitat isolation
Prokaryotic Cells with RNA are known as a. Pulaski Cells b. Murray-Muller Cells c. Luca cells d. Margulis Cells
c. Luca cells
The Great Oxidation Event allowed for all of the following except ____. a. Multicellularity b. Stratilites c. Non evolution d. Uniformitarianism
c. Non evolution
Changes in one base in a gene that results in a significant impact on a phenotype? a. Chromosomal mutations b. Microevolution c. Point mutation d. Independent assortment
c. Point mutation
Gene flow is a concept best used to describe an exchange between ___. a. Species b. Males and females c. Populations d. Individuals e. Chromosomes
c. Populations
Where is genetic drift likely to be seen? a. Large populations b. Medium populations c. Small populations d. Only in species of certain areas
c. Small populations
Which is not true following Darwin's observations? a. Variation triats exist b. Variations are heritable c. Species underproduce d. There is competition for resources
c. Species underproduce
Catastrophism was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of ____. a. Evolution b. Uniformitarianism c. The fossil record d. The origin of new species
c. The fossil record
macroevolution is a. the same as microevolution but included the origin of new species b. defined as the evolution of microscopic organisms into organisms that can be seen with the naked eye c. evolution above the species level d. defined as a change in allele or gene frequency over the course of many generations
c. evolution above the species level
reinforcement is the process by which natural selection increases reproductive isolation. reinforcement is most likely to occur when a. the environment is changing b. prezygotic isolation mechanisms are inplace c. hybrids have lower fitness than either parents population d. gene flow is low
c. hybrids have lower fitness than either parents population
they greatest number of endemic species is expected in environments that are what? a. easily reached and ecologically diverse b. isolated and ecologically diverse c. isolated and show little ecological diversity d. easily reached and show little ecological diversity
c. isolated and show little ecological diversity
Which of the following about Mendelian populations that is not true? A Mendelian population... a. consist of members of the same species. b. have members that are capable of interbreeding. c. show genetic variation d. have a gene pool
c. show genetic variation
What is Abiogenesis? a. Chemicals producing molecules into primitive nucleotides b. Chemicals from a meteor with DNA c. Chemical evolution d. A and C e. A and B
d. A and C
How does gene duplication occur? a. Through the slippage during DNA replication b. Unequal crossing-over of activities of transposable elements c. More doubles genes become more prominent d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What are the conditions for Hardy Weinberg? a. No mutations b. Random mating c. No natural selection d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Why can't natural selection produce perfect organisms? a. Selection can only act upon existing organisms b. Evolution is limited by historical constraints c. Adaptions are often compromised d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What is allopatric speciation? a. The physical barrier b. The geographical separation c. The phenotypes d. Both a and b
d. Both a and b
Which of the following would be least likely in the fossil record? a. Burrowing species b. Marsh-dwelling species c. Marine-dwelling species d. Desert-dwelling species
d. Desert-dwelling species
The theory of evolution is most accurately described as ___. a. How species originate b. How species have come into existence c. Opinion about how living things change over time. d.Evidence for how populations change over time e. An idea about how acquired characteristics are passed on
d. Evidence for how populations change over time
Convergent evolution is a. Evolution of different features independent evolutionary lineages b. Evolution of different features in independent evolutionary lineages c. Evolution of similar features independent evolutionary lineages d. Evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages
d. Evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages
The condition in which there are barriers to inbreeding between individuals of the same species separated by a portion of a mountain range is referred to as a. Minute variations b. Infertility c. A cline d. Geographic isolation
d. Geographic isolation
Which of the following has one result of evolution from a common ancestor? a. The founder effect b. The bottleneck effect c. Gene pool d. Homology e. artificial selection
d. Homology
Which of the following people developed an early theory of evolution based on use and disuse and inheritance of acquired traits? a. Charles Lyell b. Carolus Linnaeus c. Georges Cuvier d. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
d. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
What is meant when we say that the organism has greater fitness than another? a. Lives longer than others in its species b. Competes for resources in a successful way within its niche c. Mates more often than others in its species d. Leaves more advantageous offspring within its species
d. Leaves more advantageous offspring within its species
What is genetic equilibrium? a. A major disadvantage of gene frequency decreases b. A more advantageous change of more gene frequencies c. When evolution is occurring d. No gene frequencies changes and no evolution
d. No gene frequencies changes and no evolution
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Cordata? a. Notochord b. Dorsal Hollow Nerve Tubes c. Post-Anal Tail d. Poikilothermic e. Pharyngeal slits/pouches f. Endostyle
d. Poikilothermic
What is the best way to determine evolutionary connections? a. Comparing homologous structures b. Comparing embryology c. Fossil records and anatomy d. RNA and DNA
d. RNA and DNA
Which statement represents the best explanation for the observation that the nuclear DNA of wolves and domestic dogs has a very high degree of sequence homology? Dogs and wolves... a. Have very similar morphologies b. Are both members of the order Carnivora c. Belong to the same order d. Share a very recent common ancestor.
d. Share a very recent common ancestor.
_____ can result in a new island population with a limited gene pool. a. Artificial selection b. Homology c. Gene pool d. The founder effect e. The bottleneck effect
d. The founder effect
Which of the following is a fitness trade-off (compromise) a. In some hornbill species, the male helps seal the female in a tree with her nest until the young are ready to fledge. b. The strong, thick beak of a woodpecker helps it find insects in trees. c. Hummingbirds are the best pollinators of certain flowers, but bees are the best pollinators for orchids. d. Turtle shells provide protection but are heavy and burdensome when moving.
d. Turtle shells provide protection but are heavy and burdensome when moving.
which statement about variation is true? remember that phenotypes are influenced by the environment a. all phenotypic variation is the result of genotypic variation b. all nucleotide variability results in neutral variation c. all genetic variation produces phenotypic variation d. all new allele are the result of nucleotides variability
d. all new alleles are the result of nucleotides variability
What causes changes in allele frequencies? a. Natural selection b. Genetic drift c. Gene flow d. all of the above
d. all of the above
what are parts of lamarck's theory of evolution? a. acquired characteristics are heritable b. individuals lose traits that they don't need c. individuals gain characteristics they need d. all of the above
d. all of the above
over time the movement of people on earth has steadily increased. this is altered the course of human evolution by increasing a. nonrandom mating b. genetic drift c. geographic isolation d. gene flow
d. gene flow
why would a population with a large amount of genetic variation be more likely to survive a severe climate change in its environment? a. individuals will only create offspring well suited to climate change b. individuals better suited to the new climate will help less-suited individuals survive c. the individuals would produce more offspring d. some individuals will possess traits better suited to the new climate and be more likely to pass them on
d. some individuals will possess traits better suited to the new climate and be more likely to pass them on
To observe natural selection in a population, which must be true? a. One must observe more than one generation of the population. b. The population must contain genetic variation. c. Members of the population must increase or decrease the use of some portion of their anatomy. d. A and C only e. A and B only
e. A and B only
All of the following are examples of prezygotic barriers except ____. a. Habitat isolation b. Behavioral isolation c. Temporal isolation d. Mechanical isolation e. Hybrid breakdown
e. Hybrid breakdown
A result of a drastic reduction in population size due to a sudden change in the environment _____. a. Artificial selection b. Homology c. Gene pool d. The founder effect e. The bottleneck effect
e. The bottleneck effect