AP Bio Evolution Review

What is the likelihood that the offspring of IV-3 and IV-4 will have the trait?

50%

Charles Darwin was the first person to propose...

A mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence

Which one of the genetic drift effects would limit natural selection?

Alter frequencies in small population

Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian Islands have different elaborate courtship rituals. These rituals involve fighting other males and making stylized movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent?

Behavioral isolation

Which type of selection has two peaks of frequency of individuals?

Disruptive selection

Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing...

Gene flow

Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population?

Genetic variation among individuals

Both ancestral birds and ancestral mammals shared a common ancestor that was terrestrial. Today, penguins (which are birds) and seals (which are mammals) have forelimbs adapted for swimming. What term best describes the relationship of the bones in the forelimbs of penguins and seals, and what term best describes the flippers of the penguins and seals?

Homologous; analogous

What is the result of adaptive evolution?

Increase in frequency of alleles that provide reproductive advantage

What are adaptations?

Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments

Speciation...

Occurs when one species splits into two or more species

The same gene that causes various coat patterns in wild an domesticated cats also causes a cross-eyed condition in these cats, the cross-eyed condition being slightly maladaptive. In a hypothetical environment, the coat pattern that is associated with crossed eyes is highly adaptive, with the result that both the coat pattern and the cross-eyed condition increase in a feline population over time. Which statement is supported by these observations?

Phenotype is often the result of compromise

Which of the following is NOT an observation or inference on which natural selection is based?

Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring

Adult male humans generally have deeper voices than do adult female humans, which is the direct result of higher levels of testosterone causing growth of the larynx. If the fossil records of apes and humans alike show a trend toward decreasing larynx size in adult females and increasing larynx size in adult males, then...

Sexual dimorphism was developing over time in these species

Currently, two extant species (X and Y) are placed in the genus Loxodonta, and a third species (Z) is placed in the genus Elephas. Which of the following statements is true?

Species X and Y share a greater number of homologies with each other than either does with species Z.

Which type of selection eliminates extreme frequency of individuals' phenotype?

Stabilizing selection

Two plants are crossed, resulting in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a particular trait. What does this suggest?

That the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait

A species is a member of a group called a population...

Whose members have the ability to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring

Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait in humans. Two people with normal color vision have a color-blind son. What are the genotypes of the parents?

X^NX^n and X^NY

What is the genotype of individual II-5?

ww