AP Biology Midterm

Which of the following best describes the reaction shown below?

an exergonic reaction

which enzyme seals together DNA fragments that have complementary sticky ends?

DNA ligase

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecule are synthesized?

DNA ligase works only in the 3' - 5' direction

CAM plants keep their stomata closed during the daytime to reduce excess water loss. They can do this because they:

can incorporate CO2 into organic acids at night

Which of the following is not normally found in plant cells?

centrioles

ABCDEF - ABCDEF

inversion

describe function of an operon

regulation

Codes for the repressor

regulator

Which of the following is an example of post transcriptional control of gene expression?

removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons

A drug is tested in the lab and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes, making mitochondria non-functional. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit:

the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

In the process in which glucose is converted to two pyruvates

2 NAD+ are reduced

If guanine makes up 28% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism, then

22

Each NAD molecule carrying hydrogen to the electron transport chain can produce a maximum of ________ molecules of ATP

3

How many turns of the Calvin Cycle are required to produce one more molecule of glucose?

6

Which statement is true:

A condensation reaction occurs when two monosaccharides are joined together

A child is born with blood type O. Parents are?

AB and O

Which of the following are products of the light independent reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the light dependent reactions?

ADP, P, and NADP

Which of the following is correct about a man who has hemophilia and whose wife does not have the disease and who does not have any relatives with the disease?

All his daughters will be carriers

Two genes (B and E) determine coat color in Lab retrievers.

BBee will be yellow

Banana plants, which are triploid or seedless and therefore sterile.

Because they are triploid, bananas cannot generate gametes because homologous pairs cannot line up during meiosis.

I have a T-shirt made of cotton, which is a plant product that is not digestible. Cotton absorbs water really well. Based in this information, what is cotton made of?

Cellulose

Which stage of aerobic respiration directly requires the presence of oxygen?

Electron transport chain

In 1941, biologists exposed photosynthesizing cells to H2O containing a heavy oxygen isotope, designated 18O.

In the O2 gas releases from photosynthesis

The geneticist Mary Lyon hypothesized the existence of structures visible just under the nuclear membrane in mammals, which were later named Barr Bodies. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about Barr Bodies?

In the early female embryo, one copy of the X chromosome becomes inactivated in every body cell.

Hydrangea flowers have one gene for flower color.

In this case, the environment alters the expression of a trait

Incomplete dominance and epistasis are two terms that define genetic relationships.

Incomplete dominance describes the interaction of two alleles on one gene; epistasis describes the interaction of two genes and their respective alleles.

Which of the following correctly describes what happens to the pre RNA during RNA processing?

Introns are removed and both a 5' cap is added before the preRNA leaves the nucleus. After leaving the nucleus, the poly-A Tail is added.

Which of the following statements most accurately explains what EcoR1 is?

It is a restriction enzyme extracted from E. coli

Apoptosis, which is programmed cell death, is a necessary process in living organisms. Which of the following is NOT true about apoptosis?

It occurs randomly

Acts an inducer for the lac operon

Lactase

After glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, only a small portion of the energy of glucose has been converted to ATP. At this point, the majority of the usable energy is contained in:

NADH and FADH

Identify the phase of meiosis when recombination occurs, and state the reason for your decision

Picture2, because homologous are paired up in synapse

Refer to the codon table.

Polypeptide would not form because it would stop

snRNPs are most closely associated with which of the following?

RNA processing

Which of the following statement explains how a point mutation can have no negative impact in the protein formed form a sequence in DNA?

Several codons code for the same amino acid

A bag of sucrose (the bag is permeable to water but not sucrose) was immersed in solution A. The bag shriveled after several hours. The same bag was transferred from solution A to solution B. After several hours the bad was still shriveled. What statements in true about the solutions?

Solution A and B are both hypertonic to the sucrose solution in the bag

Which of the following would not normally diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane?

Starch

What is a factor that limits cell size?

The ratio of volume to surface area

Within a cell, the amount of protein synthesized using a given mRNA molecule depends in part on which of the following?

Transcription factors mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription which will determine how much protein is manufactured.

Which is true of aerobic respiration but not true of anaerobic respiration?

Water is produced

You are told limited information about a cell but you know that is contains DNA, RNA, glycogen, ribosomes and rough ER. Based on the choices below, which one is it most likely to be?

animal cell

The role of oxygen in aerobic respiration is:

as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Where in the cell is ATP-synthase located?

both B and C

What are regions of DNA called that code for proteins?

exons

When a person eats a fatty diet and excess cholesterol accumulates in the bloodstream, cells temporarily turn off their synthesis of cholesterol. This control is an example of:

feedback inhibition

example of wobble

four codons can all code from the same amino acid

All of the following are cross over except:

it cannot occur between sex chromosomes in human males

When oxygen is not readily available, our muscles will produce:

lactic acid

Enzymes:

lower the activation energy of a reaction

Most energy during cell respiration is harvested during:

oxidative phosphorylation

The cytoplasmic channels between plant cells are called:

plasmodesmata

Which of the following is NOT directly associated with photosystems II?

production of NADPH

Binding site for RNA polymerase

promoter

Binds at the operator

repressor

Which is not used in the normal replication of DNA?

restriction enzymes

Which of the following best characterizes the structures of the plasma membrane?

rigid but varying from cell to cell

DNA replication can be best described as:

semiconservative

The ATP produced during glycolysis is generated by which of the following?

substrate level phosphorylation

Which of the following statements about meiosis is correct?

the number of chromosomes is reduced

All of the following are characteristics of water except:

water molecules have little attraction for each other

A rooster with gray feathers and a hen with the same phenotype produce 17 gray.

The traits for black and and white color demonstrate incomplete dominance

A female fruit fly hybrid for both gray Body (Gg and normal wings)

The two alleles are lined, located on the same chromosome, immediately next to one another, and inherited together

NOT found in plant cells?

actin and myosin filaments

Which statement is FALSE?

active transport means that materials are moving from the inside of a cell to the outside

In what kind of bond do atoms share electrons equally?

nonpolar covalent

Assume that two genes A, and B are not inked. If the probability of allele A being in a gamete is ½

¼