PHYSIO: BLOOD

table

*antigens and antibodies

anemia

____ is a condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced

red blood cells

______ are the most abundant cell population of the formed elements of blood

reticulocytes

after 24 hours in circulation, the ______ (immature red blood cells) complete their maturation and become indistinguishable form other mature RBCs

binds carbon, and gets ride of oxygen

as blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBC's?

thrombus

blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is called

vitamin K

calcium ion and ______ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process

jaundice

condition from abnormally levels of high bilirubin in the plasma of the blood

through test of seeing which antigens it responds to

determining blood type

sickle cell

disease characterized by defective hemoglobin from mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one pair of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule resulting in stiff, markedly curved red blood cells

embolus

drifting blood clots, air bubbles, or fat globules are called

plasmin

during fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot?

factor x

extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver?

1. vascular phase 2. platelet phase 3. coagulation phase 4. fibrin network traps platelets and RBC's 5. platelets contract pulling tissue closer together in clot retraction

five steps of hemostasis and clot removal

venipunture

fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called

preventing blood loss and forming scab from fibrin

function of platelets

to fight off against foreign cells and prevent sickness

function of white blood cells

- transport gases/ nutrients/hormones/waste - regulate ph/ion makeup -restrict fluid loss at injury site -defend against pathogens -stabilize body temp

functions of blood

bone marrow

in adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in what part of the body?

hemophilia

inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is termed as______

neutrophils

most abundant type of white blood cells in a normal blood cells

6,000-9,000

normal WBC count is ______ per liter

the nucleus is shed along with most other organelles

physical changes to RBC's from reticulocyte to RBC

50%

playing a critical role in RBC formation, a woman's iron reserve is ______ percent of a typical man's iron reserve

hemocytoblasts

red blood cells result from the divisions of _______, which are multiponent stem cells

myloid- erythroblasts-reticulocyte-red blood cell

stages of RBC maturation

hypoxia

term for low levels of oxygen in the body tissue that will signal an increase in red blood cells

120 days

the average life span of a red blood cell is

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

the function of hemoglobin is to

pro enzyme that is exposed to oxygen

the intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by what chemical signal?

hematocrit

the percentage of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements is termed the

coagulation

the process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood

blood

the term ________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements.

erythrocytosis

too many RBC's present

monocytes and lymphocytes

two types of agranulocytes

AB antigens- both a and b AB antibodies- neither

type AB blood contains with antigens and antibodies?

when in oxygen, platelets create a thin layer of fibrin( the fibrinogen creates this layer)

what do platelets react with in the blood to aid in scab formation

to count the number of white/ red cells and platelets

what is a hemocytometer used for

4.5-5 million

what is the average amount of RBC's in a drop of human blood ?

basophils release histamine, they are very rare and small

what is unique of basophils

92%

what percentage of plasma is water?

hemoglobinuria

when large numbers of RBC's break down in the circulation, the urine can turn reddish brown in a condition called