PHYSIO: BLOOD
table
*antigens and antibodies
anemia
____ is a condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced
red blood cells
______ are the most abundant cell population of the formed elements of blood
reticulocytes
after 24 hours in circulation, the ______ (immature red blood cells) complete their maturation and become indistinguishable form other mature RBCs
binds carbon, and gets ride of oxygen
as blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBC's?
thrombus
blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is called
vitamin K
calcium ion and ______ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process
jaundice
condition from abnormally levels of high bilirubin in the plasma of the blood
through test of seeing which antigens it responds to
determining blood type
sickle cell
disease characterized by defective hemoglobin from mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one pair of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule resulting in stiff, markedly curved red blood cells
embolus
drifting blood clots, air bubbles, or fat globules are called
plasmin
during fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot?
factor x
extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver?
1. vascular phase 2. platelet phase 3. coagulation phase 4. fibrin network traps platelets and RBC's 5. platelets contract pulling tissue closer together in clot retraction
five steps of hemostasis and clot removal
venipunture
fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called
preventing blood loss and forming scab from fibrin
function of platelets
to fight off against foreign cells and prevent sickness
function of white blood cells
- transport gases/ nutrients/hormones/waste - regulate ph/ion makeup -restrict fluid loss at injury site -defend against pathogens -stabilize body temp
functions of blood
bone marrow
in adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in what part of the body?
hemophilia
inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is termed as______
neutrophils
most abundant type of white blood cells in a normal blood cells
6,000-9,000
normal WBC count is ______ per liter
the nucleus is shed along with most other organelles
physical changes to RBC's from reticulocyte to RBC
50%
playing a critical role in RBC formation, a woman's iron reserve is ______ percent of a typical man's iron reserve
hemocytoblasts
red blood cells result from the divisions of _______, which are multiponent stem cells
myloid- erythroblasts-reticulocyte-red blood cell
stages of RBC maturation
hypoxia
term for low levels of oxygen in the body tissue that will signal an increase in red blood cells
120 days
the average life span of a red blood cell is
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
the function of hemoglobin is to
pro enzyme that is exposed to oxygen
the intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by what chemical signal?
hematocrit
the percentage of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements is termed the
coagulation
the process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood
blood
the term ________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements.
erythrocytosis
too many RBC's present
monocytes and lymphocytes
two types of agranulocytes
AB antigens- both a and b AB antibodies- neither
type AB blood contains with antigens and antibodies?
when in oxygen, platelets create a thin layer of fibrin( the fibrinogen creates this layer)
what do platelets react with in the blood to aid in scab formation
to count the number of white/ red cells and platelets
what is a hemocytometer used for
4.5-5 million
what is the average amount of RBC's in a drop of human blood ?
basophils release histamine, they are very rare and small
what is unique of basophils
92%
what percentage of plasma is water?
hemoglobinuria
when large numbers of RBC's break down in the circulation, the urine can turn reddish brown in a condition called
