AP ch. 6 Study Review

Memories formed before the age of _____ tend to be sketchy.

3

Which of the following is a reason an individual may develop dissociative identity disorder?

As a strategy to cope with traumas

_____ for conversion disorder focus on relieving the person's anxiety around the initial trauma that caused the conversion symptoms and on reducing any benefits the person is receiving from the conversion symptoms.

Behavioral treatments

Which of the following is the most common contributor to dissociative identity disorder?

Chronic physical or sexual abuse during childhood

Which of the following dissociative disorders is characterized by a person developing one or more distinct personalities?

Dissociative identity disorder

Which of the following is a treatment goal for dissociative identity disorder?

Helping the client work through the trauma to integrate all the alternative personalities into one coherent personality

Which of the following techniques is heavily used to contact alters in the case of dissociative identity disorder?

Hypnosis

_____ was formerly known as hypochondriasis.

Illness anxiety disorder

Brian has a history of drinking heavily before going to bed. One morning his family accused him of kicking the dog, breaking several dishes, and being verbally abusive. Brown says he has no memory of the incident. Most likely Brown's memory loss is related to _____.

Korsakoff's syndrome

Factitious disorders are also referred to as _____.

Munchhausen's syndrome

Which of the following statements is true of somatic symptom disorder in the U.S.?

Older adults are more likely to report multiple somatic symptoms than middle-aged adults.

Which of the following is true of organic amnesia?

Organic amnesia is caused by brain injury.

Which of the following is true of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

People diagnosed with DID claim to have significant periods of amnesia.

Which treatment focuses on helping clients recall events and memories that may have triggered their somatization symptoms?

Psychodynamic

Which of the following disorders may appear similar in their presentation?

Somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder

Which of the following statements is true of somatic symptom disorder?

Studies have shown that changes in the symptoms of people with somatic symptom disorder mirror their emotional well-being.

In the context of the theories of conversion disorder, which of the following best describes secondary gain?

The attention and sympathy received as a result of the conversion symptoms

Which of the following alters found in dissociative identity disorder offers advice to the other personalities or performs behaviors the host is unable to handle?

The helper

Which of the following explains why dissociative identity disorder was not diagnosed before 1980?

There was no such diagnostic category in the DSM-II

In Hilgard's study on the "hidden observer" phenomenon, he argued that there are two modes of consciousness: the _____ and _____.

active mode; receptive mode

Unlike a person with dissociative identity disorder, a person in a fugue state:

actually leaves the scene of the trauma or stress.

One complication that arises in diagnosing amnesias is the possibility that:

amnesias are being faked by people to escape punishment for crimes committed.

Karen had a hiking accident that resulted in head trauma. She now has difficulty remembering new information. Karen's amnesia would be categorized as _____.

anterograde

Dissociative symptoms may be part of the syndrome of _____, a culturally accepted reaction to stress among Latinos.

ataque de nervios

In the treatment of somatic symptom and pain disorder, _____ attempt to determine and eliminate the reinforcements individuals receive for their symptoms, while increasing positive rewards for healthy behavior.

behavioral therapies

To test how easy it is to create a false memory, Loftus designed a series of studies around _____.

being lost at the mall

People with conversion disorder:

can be difficult to treat because they have difficulty believing that something is wrong with them psychologically.

Cognitive therapies for somatization disorder focus on:

challenging the client's maladaptive interpretations of physical symptoms and teaching them techniques for appropriate interpretations.

Herman has been diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder. He often misinterprets his bodily symptoms that results in increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and dizziness. He states regularly, "If the pain doesn't stop soon, it will probably cause damage to the other parts of my body." Herman is most likely catastrophizing his symptoms. This maladaptive way of thinking is linked with the _____ theoretical perspective.

cognitive

Freyd and colleagues (2007) suggest that individuals who dissociate from, and forget, their abusive experiences are most likely to perform differently from other individuals on _____ that require divided attention.

cognitive tasks

Lorna found her husband dead in their bedroom. He had been shot in the chest. After this incident, Lorna has been unable to see. Most likely Lorna is exhibiting a symptom of _____ disorder.

conversion

Loftus's "lost at the mall" studies showed how easy it is to _____.

create a false memory

Repressed memories represent a form of _____.

dissociative amnesia

Steven left his home abruptly without taking any of his belongings. He relocated to a nearby town. Several months later he returned to his old home with no memory of his absence. Steven would most likely be diagnosed with _____.

dissociative fugue

Verna has no idea how she ended up in her current surroundings. She feels comfortable, and is not bothered by the fact that she cannot remember her past. Most likely, Verna is experiencing a(n) _____.

dissociative fugue

Lucas reported to his therapist that he hears several voices in his head. Each voice seems different from his, and they seem to talk to each other. Lucas' symptoms seem representative of _____.

dissociative identity disorder

Depersonalization disorder is characterized by:

experiences in which the person feels detached from his/her mental processes or body.

Candice faked her symptoms to gain medical attention. She exaggerated her symptoms to the point that exploratory surgery was conducted. Candice most likely has a _____.

factitious disorder

Mary created an illness in her younger daughter to draw attention to herself. This is known as a _____.

factitious disorder by proxy

Korsakoff's syndrome is characterized by:

global retrograde amnesia associated with severe alcohol consumption.

Vickianna's doctor is trying to distinguish between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. According to the DSM-5, to make the distinction he should be determine if Vickianna _____.

has physical symptoms

People with conversion disorder:

have an inability to cope with distress or trauma in adaptive ways.

To receive a diagnosis of derealization disorder, the person must:

have frequent and distressing depersonalization episodes that disrupt functioning.

People who develop dissociative identity disorder tend to be:

highly suggestible and hypnotizable.

It was observed during the two world wars that many soldiers would inexplicably become paralyzed or blind and therefore were unable to return to the front. Most of them seemed unconcerned about their paralysis or blindness. This phenomenon is known as _____.

la belle indifference

In the case of dissociative identity disorder, patients who are able to integrate their personalities are:

more likely to remain relatively free from the dissociative identity disorder symptoms and reduce their use of medications.

Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as _____.

multiple personality disorder

The main difference between the amnesia in dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue is that:

people with dissociative fugue typically leave home and create a new life for themselves in another area, while people with dissociative amnesia do not take flight and create new identities.

DSM-5 has added the words _____ to the DID criterion A. This makes the criteria more applicable to diverse cultural groups and is related to why some studies suggest that Latinos may be more likely than other ethnic groups to experience dissociative symptoms in response to traumas.

possession

A disorder that has high comorbidity with DID is _____

post-traumatic stress disorder

A disorder that has high comorbidity with DID is _____.

post-traumatic stress disorder

Studies of refugees who fled to the United States found that these groups often had:

post-traumatic stress disorder and somatic symptom disorder

When a woman believes she is pregnant but physical examination and laboratory tests show negative results this syndrome is called _____.

pseudocyesis

Amnesia is categorized as either _____ or _____.

psychogenic; organic

People diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder frequently have periods of all of the following EXCEPT _____.

psychotic disorders

Robert has an accident when he is out trekking with his friends. He cannot recall anything that happened just before slipping and hitting his head on a boulder. He most likely has _____.

retrograde amnesia

The inability to remember information from the past is known as _____.

retrograde amnesia

When people with dissociative identity disorder report hearing voices talking inside their heads, they may be misdiagnosed as having _____.

schizophrenia

Conversion disorder is usually characterized by:

sensory and motor deficits.

Bethany is experiencing dizziness, head pain and numbness in her lower limbs all with no apparent medical reason. Bethany is most likely experiencing a(n) _____.

somatic symptom disorder

Marcus spends a lot of time at doctors dealing with his pain in his side. He has had several gastrointestinal tests as well as other diagnostic tests and the doctors can find nothing to explain his pain. He spends much time worrying about his mystery pain and is anxious that it is something serious. Marcus is most likely experiencing a(n) _____.

somatic symptom disorder

The _____ are a group of disorders in which people experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause.

somatic symptom disorders

In dissociative identity disorder, an alter that inflicts pain or punishment on the other personalities by engaging in self-mutilative behaviors (such as self-cutting or self-burning) and suicide attempts is called _____.

the persecutor

Freud and his contemporaries viewed conversion symptoms as results of:

the transfer of psychic energy attached to repressed emotions or memories into physical symptoms.

For most people, the active mode and receptive mode:

weave our experiences together so seamlessly that we do not notice any division between them.

Which of the following somatic symptom disorders is considered to be the most dramatic due to symptoms like, blindness, seizures, loss or hearing, and mutism?

Conversion disorder

Which of the following individuals is most likely to receive a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder?

Ellen appears to have alternate personalities that are extremely different from each other.

Which of the following is the most common alter found in dissociative identity disorder?

The child

Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder?

The conversion symptom develops after a trauma or psychological stressor.

According to DSM-5, which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for illness anxiety disorder?

The individual must perform excessive health related behaviors.

Which of the following is considered to be the most dangerous alter found in dissociative identity disorder?

The persecutor

Which of the following represents one of the difficulties in diagnosing somatic symptom disorders?

The person may have a real physical problem that is difficult to detect

In which of the following countries is dissociative identity disorder diagnosed most frequently?

United States

Many courts deny the use of hypnosis in the case of dissociative amnesia because of the possibility that:

hypnosis will "create" memories through the power of suggestion.

Bertram has spent years being concerned about his health even though he has no symptoms or pain. Several years ago, he read an article on tumors and became preoccupied with thoughts about getting a tumor. He rarely seeks medical help and in fact avoids doctors and hospitals. Bertram is most likely experiencing a(n) _____.

illness anxiety disorder