AP Chem Equations Not on Sheet

root mean square velocity

the square root of the average of the squares of the individual velocities of gas particles

work equation

w=-P∆V

basic equation for change in energy

∆E=q+w

Enthalpy at constant pressure or at constant volume

∆H=q

Enthalpy

∆H=∆E+∆(PV)

delta H of a solution

∆Hsln = ∆H1 + ∆H2 + ∆H3 1 is expanding solutes 2 is expanding solvents 3 allowing solute & solvent to interact to form a sln

Bond Order

(bonded electrons - antibonding electrons) / 2

Coulomb's Law

E=(2.31e-19 J*nm)((Q1*Q2)/r) Q are ion charges r is distance between ions

E

E=-2.178e-18 J (z² / n²) z is atomic # and n is energy level ∆E = -2.178e-18 J ((1/n² final)-(1/n² initial))

Differential Rate Law

rate = k[NO₂]ⁿ

van der Waals equation

Deviation from ideal gas behavior P (pressure)= [nRT/ V- nb] - [n²a/V²] Essentially this is P= repulsion- attraction - b= bounce, the greater b is... more repulsion - a= attraction, the greater a is the less pressure there is

vaporizations

ln((PvapT1)/(PvapT2))=(∆Hvap/R) ((1/T2)-(1/T1))

Arrhenius equation

ln(k) = (-Ea/R)(1/T)+ln(A)

Combined Arrhenius equation

ln(k2/k1) = (Ea/R)((1/T1)-(1/T2))