AP CSP Exam Semester review 1-4 AP classroom questions Elseroad

The figure below represents a network of physically linked devices, labeled A through H. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown.

2

Consider the 4-bit binary numbers 0011, 0110, and 1111. Which of the following decimal values is NOT equal to one of these binary numbers?

9

Which of the following is an advantage of a lossless compression algorithm over a lossy compression algorithm?

A lossless compression algorithm can guarantee reconstruction of original data, while a lossy compression algorithm cannot.

Which of the following actions is most likely to raise legal or ethical concerns?

A musician creates a song using samples of a copyrighted work and then uses a Creative Commons license to publish the song.

Which of the following school policies is most likely to have a positive impact on the digital divide?

A school provides a laptop or tablet computer to all students enrolled at the school.

Which of the following best explains what happens when a new device is connected to the Internet?

An Internet Protocol (IP) address is assigned to the device.

Which of the following changes will NOT affect the results when the code segment is executed?

Changing line 3 to b <-- 10

A user wants to save a data file on an online storage site. The user wants to reduce the size of the file, if possible, and wants to be able to completely restore the file to its original version. Which of the following actions best supports the user's needs?

Compressing the file using a lossless compression algorithm before uploading it

Digital images are often represented by the red, green, and blue values (an RGB triplet) of each individual pixel in the image. A photographer is manipulating a digital image and overwriting the original image. Which of the following describes a lossless transformation of the digital image?

Creating the negative of an image by creating a new RGB triplet for each pixel in which each value is calculated by subtracting the original value from 255. The negative of an image is reversed from the original; light areas appear dark, and colors are reversed.

Which of the following actions is most likely to help reduce the digital divide?

Deploying satellites and other infrastructure to provide inexpensive Internet access to remote areas of Earth

Which of the following are true statements about the data that can be represented using binary sequences? l. Binary sequences can be used to represent strings of characters. ll. Binary sequences can be used to represent colors. lll. Binary sequences can be used to represent audio recordings.

I, II, and III

Which of the following is a primary benefit of making a computing system fault-tolerant?

If one component of the system fails, users of the system can often still access it.

A programmer is developing software for a social media platform. The programmer is planning to use compression when users send attachments to other users. Which of the following is a true statement about the use of compression?

Lossy compression of an image file generally provides a greater reduction in transmission time than lossless compression does.

Which of the following is a primary reason for the use of open protocols on the Internet?

Open protocols provide a way to standardize data transmission between different devices.

A city government is attempting to reduce the digital divide between groups with differing access to computing and the Internet. Which of the following activities is LEAST likely to be effective in this purpose?

Putting all government forms on the city Web site

An algorithm has been developed to compute the sum of all the elements in a list of integers. Which of the following programming structures must be added to the existing algorithm so that the new algorithm computes the sum of only the even integers in the list?

Selection

Which of the following best explains how the Internet is a fault-tolerant system?

The Internet is fault-tolerant because there are usually multiple paths between devices, allowing messages to sometimes be sent even when parts of the network fail.

Which of the following best describes the behavior of the code segment?

The code segment displays the value of 2(5) to the third by initializing result to 2 and then multiplying result by 5 a total of three times.

In order to test the program, the programmer initializes numList to [0, 1, 4, 5]. The program displays 10, and the programmer concludes that the program works as intended. Which of the following is true?

The conclusion is incorrect; using the test case [0, 1, 4, 5] is not sufficient to conclude the program is correct.

Which of the following best explains how messages are typically transmitted over the Internet?

The message is broken into packets. The packets can be received in any order and still be reassembled by the recipient's device.

The following figure represents a network of physically linked devices labeled P through S. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown. Which of the following statements best explains the ability of the network to provide fault tolerance?

The network is considered fault-tolerant because there are redundant paths between each pair of devices.

A programmer created a piece of software and wants to publish it using a Creative Commons license. Which of the following is a direct benefit of publishing the software with this type of license?

The programmer can specify the ways that other people are legally allowed to use and distribute the software.

A researcher wants to publish the results of a study in an open access journal. Which of the following is a direct benefit of publishing the results in this type of publication?

The researcher can allow the results to be easily obtained by other researchers and members of the general public

A student is recording a song on her computer. When the recording is finished, she saves a copy on her computer. The student notices that the saved copy is of lower sound quality than the original recording. Which of the following could be a possible explanation for the difference in sound quality?

The song was saved using fewer bits per second than the original song.

Which of the following is a true statement about data compression?

There are trade-offs involved in choosing a compression technique for storing and transmitting data.