AP Environmental Chapter 4

Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by the ___ law of thermogynamics

2nd

A large forested area is fragmented into small forest tracks separated by agricultural areas. This change will mostly likely lead to

A decrease in the gene flow within the species of the original forest

Mutations can be caused by several different factors, including

A. Chemical B. X-ray C. Radio activity D. Random chance

Biodiversity includes what components of diversity

A. Genes B. Species C. Ecosystem D. Functional

Identify 4 characteristics of specialist species

A. Narrow ecological niche B. Law reproduction rate C. Vulnerable to extinction D. Relatively few food sources

What adaptations have made humans so successful?

A. Walking upright B. Thumbs C. Brains

Scientist have used genetic engineering to do accomplish several things, including:

A. War food B. Adding nutrients C. Hybrid foods D. Better tasting food

Geographic isolation may result from which of the following

All of these

The movement of the continents influences evolution in which of the following ways?

Changes the earth's climate

A change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to another is called

Evolution

From a scientific point of view, which of the following is true?

Fitness is a matter of reproductive success

Which of the following is not true of the conditions on earth that make life possible?

For last 2 billion years unreliable ozone levels have cause dmutations

A _________ species in an ecosystem that shapes communities by crating and enhancing habitats in ways that benefit other species.

Foundation

The variety of processes, including matter cycling and energy flowing with ecosystems, which result from speices interacting with one another in food webs is called

Functional diversity

A species with abroad niche is considered a ________ species.

Generalist

The diversity that enables life on earth to adapt and survive environmental change is called

Genetic diversity

Which of the following can be used to assess the biological diversity of an area?

Genetic variation within each species and the number of species present

The ________ the species richness, the _________ the sustainability

Higher and more

Which of the following would likely reduce the treats posed by exotic species to native species? I. Increasing inspection of goods coming into a country II. Mandating that builds water from vessels be emptied in ports instead of in the open ocean III. Enforcing legislation that restricts imported materials such as untreated wooden packing crates.

I and III only

For natural selection to occur, an adaptive trait must be an _________ trait

Inheritable

_________ is another name for nonnative species

Invasive

A ________ species in an ecosystem that plays a central role in the health of that ecosystem, and whose removal may cause the collapse of the ecosystem.

Keystone

Biological evolution by natural selection is when genes ______, individuals ______, and populations ______.

Mutate; are selected; evolve

Some individuals in a population have genetic traits that are favored by envirionmental conditions because the trait enchance their ability to survive and produce offspring, a process called

Natural selection

The role a species plays in its ecosystem is the

Niche

Which of the following would not be considered a generalist species?

Pandas

Which of the following is not an example of a cause for the decline of amphibians?

Prolonged rainy periods

The number of different species an ecosystem contains is its

Richness

Biodiversity is believed to be the result of the interaction between __________ and ___________.

Speciation and extinction