AP Environmental Science

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first massed produced plug in car

BYDF3DM

average american requires about 9.7 global hectors worth of resources per year. the average person in china uses 2.1 global hectors per year. Providing 1.3 mil chinese with american lifestyle would require and additional

10 billion global hectors per year

exemplified by starlings displacing bluebirds from nesting sites

Competition

activity that borrows from the future and cannot continue indefinitely

Non-sustainable

Plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins

assimilation

exemplified by moss growing on a tree trunk in a forest

commensalism

one species benefits while the other neither suffers nor benefits

commensalism

exemplifed by a Titmouse and a Chickadee living in the same territory, using some of the same resources

competition

a comparison between an exposed group and an unexposed group

controlled study

the rapid rate of this process in the tropical forests results in low-nutrient soils

decomposition

Nitrate ions and nitrite ions are converted into nitrous gas and nitrogen

denitrification

the process by which a soil nutrient is reduced and released to the atmosphere as a gas

denitrification

depends on the condition set up in the experiment

dependent variable

responding variable that results from chagnes in conditions set up in the experiment

dependent variable

millions of species inhabit Earth in a complex, interrelated community where towering trees and huge animals live together with, and depend on, tiny life forms, such as viruses, bacteria and gungi

diversity of life

neither subject nor researcher know who is in treatment group or control group

double-blind study

we can expect to understand the fundamental processes and laws of nature by careful observation

empiricism

circumstances or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms

environment

complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community

environment

systematic study of our environment and our proper place in it

environmental science

a sense of right and wrong

ethics

shifting attention from questions of preserving a particular landscape or preventing pollution of a specific watershed to concern about the life support system of the whole plant

global environmentalism

the variable the scientist manipulates

independent variable

an intrinsic right to exist

inherent value

having value only because it is useful to someone who matters

instrumental value

corporations, such as disney, are treated as people and given legal rights

moral extensionism

extending value, legal rights, and rights to an ever wider circle of living things

moral extensionism

worthy of equal rights legal protections

moral value

exemplified by bees consuming nectar and carrying pollen from one flower to another

mutualism

ammonia is converted to nitrite then to nitrate

nitrification

which organisms convert ammonia into nitrites

nitrifying bacteria

which organisms convert nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

exemplified by ticks on a deer

parasitism

Ockham's razor

parsimony

when two plausible answers are reasonable, the simpler answer is usually the best answer

parsimony

the process in which glucose is synthesized by plants

photosynthesis

anything that can be used to simulate a "real" treatment

placebo

if same results cannot be reproduced, then the conclusions are probably incorrect

repeatablility

idea of economic improvement is possible without devastating the enviro

sustainable development

individuals acting independently according to eachs self interest behave contrary to the best interests of the group by depleting a common resource

tragedy of the commons

knowledge changes as new evidence appears

uncertainity

the forces and processes at work today are the same as those that shaped the world in the past and they will continue to do so in the future

uniformitarianism


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