AP Euro Ch 27
As practiced in the 1930s , appeasement was
A British policy that aimed to give Hitler whatever he wanted in order to avoid war
The "cult of Duce" promoted the image of Mussolini as
A powerful strongman embodying the best qualities of the Italian people
What led to the Holocaust?
Adolf Hitler and his Nazi government came into power in Germany . Germany was still recovering from World War I, was facing the Great Depression, and was overcoming political strife. Hitler offered simple answers to these problems. One of his solution was the cleansing of the country, thus permitting Jews to be exterminated
Stalin's theory of socialism in one country
Argued that the Soviet Union could build socialism on its own
Who were the kulaks in the Soviet Union?
Better-off peasants who were stripped of land and livestock and usually not allowed to join collective farms
What characteristics did Communist and fascist dictatorships share?
Both engaged in state-controlled social engineering projects meant to replace individualism with a unified "people."
Why did Britain adopt a policy of appeasement in its relationship with hitler
British conservative leaders underestimated Hitler
How did German chancellor Heinrich Bruning try to cope with the Great Depression in the early 1930s
By cutting government spending and squeezing wages and prices
In Stalin's Soviet Union, women
Could enter the ranks of specialists in industry an d science
The allies adopted the principle of the unconditional surrender of Germany and Japan in order to
Further encourage mutual trust among the allies
Which countries in August 1939 signed a nonaggression pact that led directly to war
Germany and the Soviet Union
How did Hitler and the Nazis establish control over Germany after the Enabling Act was passed in 1933
Germany became a one party state Nazis took top positions in government' Nazi controlled German labor front replaced labor unions Navy policy of coordination meant existing institutions had to conform to nazi ideasl
Why did Stalin call for the mass murder of the Kulaks?
He believed that as landowners they would eventually embrace conservative capitalism and become great enemies of socialist progress
How did Stalin use the murder of Sergei Kirov to his own advantage?
He blamed the murder on fascist agents within the Communist Party and launched a purge of the party itself that solidified his own control
In the late 1920s, how did Adolf hitler shape the nazi party's message to appeal to middle class voters
He deemphasizsed the anti capitalist elements of national socialism and vowed to fight communism
How did Mussolini build support from big business in Italy?
He left big business to regulate itself and never purged its members
Why was Mussolini expelled from the Italian Socialist Party?
He urged Italian entry into World War I
Why did hitler have the leadership of the SA storm troopers,roughly 100 individuals, killed in 1934
He wanted to win the support of the traditional military, but the SA leaders had expected appointment to top positions in the army.
Which of the following social groups was part of the new elite class in the Stalinist state?
Highly regarded artists
The target of the first of two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 was
Hiroshima
What was the "Europe First" policy adopted by the allied powers during world war ii
Hitler would be defeated before the allies mounted an all out assault on Japan
What was the effects of the 1935 Nuremberg Law
It defined Jewish as anyone having three or more Jewish grandparents
What was the effect of Lenin's New Economic Plan?
It encouraged peasants to sell their surpluses in free markets and allowed private traders and small manufacturers to do business again
What was the Nazi Party policy of "coordination"?
It forced Germans society to conform to National Socialist ideology
What was the purpose of the Enabling Act in 1933
It gave Hitler dictatorial powers for four years
What was Kristallnacht?
It was a destructive Nazi rampage against the Jews.
What was Hitler's idea o Lebenstraum
It was the idea that Germans needed more "living space," which could be found to the east, which Hitler believed was inhabited by "subhumans." Or
How have historians explained Joseph Stalin's Great Purge of the Communist Party?
Murderous repression picked up; It culminated i the great purge in which those who were suspected of opposing Stalin were publicly tried an executed (often wrongly because of fabricated evidence)
Lenin's New Economic Policy was a political compromise with
Russian peasants
Why did the Soviet army stop its advance on Warsaw in august 1944
So that the German army could destroy a Polish insurgence that intended to resist the Soviet army as well
Which battle was the decisive turning point in the clash between the Soviet Union and Germany
Stalingrad
According to hitler, which European race was considered subhuman along with the Jews
The Slavic race
In the Lateran Agreement, how did Mussolini resolve the status of the Catholic Church in Italy
The Vatican was recognized as an independent state that received heavy support from the Italian state.
Why did the soviet state order the collectivization of agriculture in 1929?
The collectivization of agriculture in 1929 was formulated by Stalin, which was apart of his five year plan. Under the collectivization the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms. The process was ultimately undertaken in conjunction with the campaign to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly STALINISM.
How did the First World War weaken the Italian government in the years before Benito Mussolini came to power?
The government promised people land that wasn't granted by the Treaty of Versailles Catholics gained strength Conflict between socialists and proprieted class over land Opposition to the government Inflation and mass unemployment
Where did Nazi administrators initially gain experience in mass murder?
The murder of Germans with physical and mental disabilities prior to the war
What was the Holocaust?
The systematic effort of the nazi state to exterminate all European Jews during the Second World War
The Parliamentary government in Italy was breaking own at the end of the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922 largely because
The violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black shirted militants
How did the Nazi Party seek to promote the idea of the Volksgemeinschaft?
They created mass organizations such as the Hitler Youth and held mass rallies to spread Nazi ideology and enlist volunteers
How did the nazis seek to legitimize their racial policies
They established research institutes and academies that measured and defined racial differences in order to present prejudice in the guise of enlightened science
Why did Stalin and his supporters sponsor the five year plan?
They feared a gradual restoration of capitalism and more importantly wanted to catch up with the west and overcome traditional Russian "backwardness"
What were the duties of the German Einsatzgruppen
They followed the German army into Central Europe systematically murdering undesirables as they moved from town to town
How did real wages for workers and peasants in the Soviet Union in 1937 compare with those in the Russian Empire in 1913?
They were lower
What problem was faced by most of the underground resistance groups who opposed the nazis
They were not well unified, for they had differing political goals.
What was Germany's goal in the Battle of Britain
To gain air supremacy in anticipation of an invasion of Great Britain
What did Germany hope to accomplish in what is now known as the Battle of Britain
To gain control of the air
What was the primary goal of opponents of the nazis in Protestant and Catholic churches
To preserve religious life in Germany
Britain and France finally confronted hitler with the threat of war when he
Use the pretext of German minorities in Danzig
How did the Nazis manage the Northern European states that they conquered?
they established puppet governments with collaborators willing to rule the states in accord with German needs
