Ap Euro Ch.25 & 26

What was the objective of Garibaldi and his followers?

-Italian unification -April 1848 Garibaldi led 60 members of his Italian Legion back to Italy to fight for the Risorgimento, or resurrection, of Italy in the war of independence against the Austrians.

How was unification ultimately achieved in Italy?

-aristocratic politician named Camillo di Cavour who finally, using the tools of realpolitik, united Italy under the crown of Sardinia. ("Realpolitik" is the notion that politics must be conducted in terms of the realistic assessment of power and the self-interest of individual nation-states )

What nineteenth century liberal idea about free trade was challenged by this disagreement with China?

?

What type of government developed in Italy once a Garibaldi's uprising was complete?

A republic

What nineteenth century tension does turner highlight in this image?

Against industrialism

What did Britain get from China as a result of the opium wars?

As a result, the British were given the island of Hong Kong and trading rights in the ports of Canton and Shanghai.

Which two ideologies did Bismarck most embrace during German unification?

Conservatism, nationalism?

What were the causes of the revolutions of 1848?

Discontent at poor governance and life. Bad harvests and economic depression in the years leading up to the 1848 created massive discontent throughout all of Europe, and food riots were common. Unemployment was also created due to the economic crisis

Who was principally responsible for the construction of the project?

Ferdinand de Lesseps, the former French consul to Cairo, secured an agreement with the Ottoman governor of Egypt

Why would France be seeking revenge against Bismarck and Germany?

Franco-Prussian war; "Bismarck imposed a harsh peace on France" France was forced to pay a lotta money for peace and give up Alsace and Lorraine to Germany.

Which European nation's overthrow of the July Monarchy was the impetus for the revolutions depicted in this map?

I believe France

What specific economic and social conditions were Marx and Engels referring to in this selection? (communist manifesto)

In its efforts to succeed, the bourgeoisie must constantly revise and renew the means of production, ensuring a constant infusion of capital by building larger cities, promoting new products, and securing cheaper commodities.

Why did Mazzini believe that the steps to unification had failed to reveal the "soul of Italy"

Italy had been united by fusion, as he had always advocated against strong opposition, rather than by federation, but it was a monarchy and not the republic he had wanted. "I thought I was awakening the soul of Italy, and I see only the corpse before me," -failed in their attempt to create an Italy united by democracy.

What event led to the Vienna settlement?

Metternichs taking of Lombardy and Venetia

What specific challenge did Austria face in 1848-1849?

Monarchies collapsed??

Marx and Engels assertion that "the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all" is an extension of what other intellectual idea?

Natural freedoms

Why did Joseph William turner often focus on nature in his paintings?

Romanticism

What two ideologies (isms) motivated Garibaldi?

Socialism and Nationalism; facism

What motivated the British to sell Opium to China?

The British used the profits from the sale of opium to purchase such Chinese luxury goods as porcelain, silk, and tea, which were in great demand in the West.

What did Marx and Engels view as the fundamental cause of this conflict?

The classes exploited each other. Society was split.

What specific benefit did the Europeans receive from the construction of the suez Canal?

The journey between Europe and Asia was cut in half

How economically valuable were the places that Carl Peters and the Germans colonized?

They colonized Africa, not sure how valuble

Bismarcks political loyalties were most aligned with with which social class?

Working class; Bismarck passed social reforms that supported workers. (Originally he was very against socialist until he realized they couldn't be defeated) "Bismarck had given the German working class the most advanced social legislation in the World."

This painting (rain steam and speed) best illustrates which of the following nineteenth century artistic movements?

impressionist movement

What was the British response to Lin Tse-hsu's order that foreign merchants not sell Opium?

the letter was not only not read by Queen Victoria but probably laughed at and dismissed upon casual skimming by Western merchants.