AP Euro Chapter 15

What is the "long session"?

20 years of parliament

What was Fronged?

A plot by nobility to take out Louis XIV

Deconstruction

A system of thought, formulated by Jacques Derrida, that holds that culture is created in a variety of ways, according to the manner in which people create their own meaning. Hence, there is no fixed truth or universal meaning

What did the "long session" do?

Abolished taxes like ship money, requires parliament to meet at least every 3 years

Who was Cardinal Richelieu?

Advisor to king Louis XIV, consolidated power before he got to the throne, recognized the nobility has too much influence on the king

What did the peace of Westfalia do?

Allowed German States to determine their own religion

Who is Rubens?

Artist depicting nude, known for heavy people, dramatic use of light and shadow, dark and rich color in paintings

Who largely influences 18th century Italy?

Austria

Which of the following artistic movement would have been used by Louis XIV and other prominent monarchs and church officials of the time to glorify state power?

Baroque

What kind of artist was Bernini and what did he paint?

Baroque, saint peters basilica and the ecstasy of saint Teresa

What was a powerful state of the Holy Roman Empire?

Bavaria lead by Maximilian

Who was Thomas Hobbs?

Believed in strong government needed to maintain social order, likened men to animals, wrote leviathan

Janissaries

Child soldiers

Who was the financial advisor to Louis?

Colbert

What was the Habsburg's goal in the 30 years War? What was the issue with this?

Consolidate power and bring the empire together, pieces of the empire were Lutheran and Calvinist

What changed in the West to cause the "military revolution"?

Countries now built standing armies, production of ships of the line, increased the use of the musket and bayonet, opened military schools to educate officers

The concerns expressed by Barstow reflect which of the following ideas?

Debate about female roles during the Renaissance

What does James I believe in?

Divine right

What does Charles I do in regards to parliament?

Doesn't call them for 11 years, finds a way to tax without them

What was the purpose of Versailles?

Dominate nobility and display Louis's grandeur

What was the Dutch republic supported by?

Economic prosperity

Who is the best example of mannerism?

El Greco

Who was the most susceptible to suspicion to be accused of witchcraft?

Elderly women

Bousset

Fundamental to the idea of divine right kings in france

The main idea expressed by Briggs reflects which of the following?

Gender was not as important as social status regarding the European witch-hunts

What does James II do that angers parliament?

Go against the Test Act and promote Catholics to high positions in government, also institutes declaration of indulgences - suspending the test act

Buacracy

Government offices and Agencies

Who was the leader of Sweden when it was the pinnacle of power?

Gustavus Adolphus

What two dynasties fought in the 30 years War?

Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire and the Burbons of France

James did what in regards to parliament?

Had no use for them

What is the most important room of the palace of Versailles? (Significant and one of a kind)

Hall of mirrors

What happens as a result of building the palace of Versailles?

Louis almost bankrupts France

Who is considered the model of absolute monarchy?

Louis the XIV

What religious groups fought in the 30 years War?

Lutherans, Catholics, and calvinists

Who was the wife of King Louis XIV?

Maria Theresa of Spain

What does parliament do after the death of James I? What was it?

Petition of right, says no money can be collected without parliament approval

Peace of Augsburg

Supposed to have ended religious wars (around Holy Roman Empire)

Gustavus Adolphus

Swedish leader, military genius

How did Russia end up with Sejm?

The Libarum veto act

Diocese

The area under the jurisdiction of a Christian bishop; based originally on Roman administrative districts

What is the Rump Parliament?

The part of the Long Parliament in Britain that continued to sit after the forced exclusion of Presbyterian members. Voted to execute Charles I.

What happened during the 17th century in Europe?

The population continued to be affected by famine and plague due to a mini ice age

Peter the Great

Wanted to westernize Russia

Why was this time considered a "military revolution"?

War during this era will change in the West

Parliament asked who to take the British throne?

William the Orange, husband of Mary

Dialectic

logical argument

Who was Rembrandt?

A Dutch painter from Northern Europe

What did Maximilian create?

A catholic league

Who were the Levellers?

A group in parliament that thought like the future founding fathers, wanted to level the playing field

What is a Sejm?

A legislative body, must be a unanimous decision for anything to pass

Who painted St. Peter's Basilica?

Bernini

What is the Glorious Revolution?

Bloodless overthrow of King James II

What were the four phases of the 30 years War?

Bohemian phase, danish phase, Swedish phase, Franco-Swedish phase

Frederick the Great elctor

Built Brandenburg, Prussia into a power with general war commissariat

What was the peace of Augsburg supposed to do?

End religious warfare

What does Oliver Cromwell write?

England's first and only written constitution

Who was Vlad the impaler?

Feared by the orromqn Turks, impaled them on poles

What were the 4 wars king Louis the XIV went to?

Franco-Dutch War, War or the league of Augsburg, war of Spanish succession, war of devotion

Louis's revocation of the Edict of Nantes best reflects which of the following policies?

His expansion of religious control over France

What caused Charles I to call parliament into session?

His inability to cope with the Scottish rebellion

Which of the following actions by Louis XIV Best reflect the ideas of the excerpt?

His policies that limited the nobility's participation in government

Which of the following is a reason that Louis was almost constantly at war throughout most of his reign?

His pursuit of both dynastic and state intentions

Who takes the throne after James I?

His son Charles I

Where did most of the fighting of the 30 years War take place?

Holy Roman Empire

What was the 30 years War a transition for?

Into becoming nationalist secular version of war

What happened to France after the 30 years War?

It became a dominant power in Europe

What happened to Sweden after the Great north War?

It became a second rate power

What did the English Bill of Rights accomplish?

It recognized Parliament's right to make laws, ushered in constitutional monarchy

What was important about king Louis XIV's court?

It was imitated in Europe

Who is the successor to Charles II?

James II

The ideas in the excerpt above would have most influenced which of the following?

John Locke

What did it include being a Habsburg?

King of Hungary, Bohemia, and the Arch Duke of Austria

Charles XII

King of Sweden

What was the 30 years War considered?

Last of the religious wars of that era

What did Louis do to restructure government?

Micromanager who dominated actions of ministers and secretaries, added people who were loyal followers of his who were from New aristocracy to council, made the court at Versailles the main arena where factions of aristocracy jockey for power, forced powerful people to come to him for favors and offices

What type of westernization took place for Peter the Great?

Military based

Who was Shakespeare's French counterpart?

Moliere

What were the reasons witchcraft went away?

More traditional attitudes towards religion were questioned, governments began to stabilize, there was a growing unwillingness of magistrates to prosecute, there was a tempering of religious passion after all the religious wars

Why were women the main target of witchcraft accusations?

Most people believed in the natural inferiority of women

Which of the following best represents change over time regarding the European witch-hunts?

New ideas in sci nice based on observation and experimentation led to a decline in the European witch-hunts by the end of the seventeenth century

What happened to the Holy Roman Empire after the 30 years War?

No longer an empire, just a loose association of 300 German States

Who did Frederick the Great appoint as officers? What did this cause?

Nobles. A constant tug of war between the king and the non,ex

What was Versailles originally and what caused it to change?

Originally a hunting lodge, was divine inspiration by God

Nicolas-René Jollian the Elder

Painted portraits of Louis XIV

What is the Test Act?

Parliament legislation that states only an Anglican could hold military positions

What ends the war of Spanish succession?

Peace of Utrecht and rassat

Who was Shakespeare?

Playwright, most famous in England, very proud of the elizabethian era, patriotic in writing

In addition to England, which of the following developed a system of government that was not an absolute monarchy?

Poland

What is a poor example of absolute monarchy?

Poland

What was the definitive work on absolute monarchy?

Politics drawn from the very words of holy scripture by Bossuet

What was Rembrandt considered?

Preeminent protestant painter

Oliver Cromwell

Puritan, formed new model army to defeat Charles

What was Moliere known for?

Religious and social satires, known for Tartuff, loved by king Louis

What is interesting about Russian society though this until the 20th century?

Remain feudal

What happens when Charles II is reestablished in the army?

Restores Stuart line

What was the Edict of Fontainebleau?

Revoked the edict of Nantes

Intendents

Royal officials

What was Charles I's taxes called?

Royal taxes, ship money - coastal towns pay for defense and protection from invasion

Cardinal Richelieu

Served Louis XIII, worked to undermine nobles and enhance power of king, attacked French Calvinists

Ottoman Empire

Sleeping giant of Europe

Who was Charles II?

Son of Charles I, brought restoration after Cromwell's deathFri

What caused James to not be liked?

Strong catholic views - ticked off Protestants and anglicans

What is baroque art?

The attempt to take classical renaissance art and blend it with the religious reformation

Domino Theory

The belief that a communist victory in South Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments across Southeast Asia to fall to communism, like a row of dominoes

Diaspora

The dispersion of the Jews outside Israel

What did Frederick the IV create?

The league of protestant states

Which of the following was the most immediate cause for the excerpt?

The outcome of the glorious revolution, which established parliamentary supremacy

The trends described by Barstow and Briggs most directly illustrate which of the following major historical developments in Europe?

The social and economic upheavals of the sixteenth and svententh centuries

What is the nickname of Louis the XIV?

The son king

What happens when Queen Elizabeth dies?

Tutor dynasty dies, then comes the Stuart dynasty, James I gets throne

Absolutism

Ultimate authority is solely in the hands of the king

What events happened at Versailles?

Walks in garden, boating trips, performances of tragedies and comedies, ballets and concerts

During the 30 years War, emperor Ferdinand employed who to be his military strategist, retires, then comes back because the resurgence of the Protestants?

Wallenstein

Who was John Locke?

Wrote 2 treatises of government