AP Euro Chapter 15
What is the "long session"?
20 years of parliament
What was Fronged?
A plot by nobility to take out Louis XIV
Deconstruction
A system of thought, formulated by Jacques Derrida, that holds that culture is created in a variety of ways, according to the manner in which people create their own meaning. Hence, there is no fixed truth or universal meaning
What did the "long session" do?
Abolished taxes like ship money, requires parliament to meet at least every 3 years
Who was Cardinal Richelieu?
Advisor to king Louis XIV, consolidated power before he got to the throne, recognized the nobility has too much influence on the king
What did the peace of Westfalia do?
Allowed German States to determine their own religion
Who is Rubens?
Artist depicting nude, known for heavy people, dramatic use of light and shadow, dark and rich color in paintings
Who largely influences 18th century Italy?
Austria
Which of the following artistic movement would have been used by Louis XIV and other prominent monarchs and church officials of the time to glorify state power?
Baroque
What kind of artist was Bernini and what did he paint?
Baroque, saint peters basilica and the ecstasy of saint Teresa
What was a powerful state of the Holy Roman Empire?
Bavaria lead by Maximilian
Who was Thomas Hobbs?
Believed in strong government needed to maintain social order, likened men to animals, wrote leviathan
Janissaries
Child soldiers
Who was the financial advisor to Louis?
Colbert
What was the Habsburg's goal in the 30 years War? What was the issue with this?
Consolidate power and bring the empire together, pieces of the empire were Lutheran and Calvinist
What changed in the West to cause the "military revolution"?
Countries now built standing armies, production of ships of the line, increased the use of the musket and bayonet, opened military schools to educate officers
The concerns expressed by Barstow reflect which of the following ideas?
Debate about female roles during the Renaissance
What does James I believe in?
Divine right
What does Charles I do in regards to parliament?
Doesn't call them for 11 years, finds a way to tax without them
What was the purpose of Versailles?
Dominate nobility and display Louis's grandeur
What was the Dutch republic supported by?
Economic prosperity
Who is the best example of mannerism?
El Greco
Who was the most susceptible to suspicion to be accused of witchcraft?
Elderly women
Bousset
Fundamental to the idea of divine right kings in france
The main idea expressed by Briggs reflects which of the following?
Gender was not as important as social status regarding the European witch-hunts
What does James II do that angers parliament?
Go against the Test Act and promote Catholics to high positions in government, also institutes declaration of indulgences - suspending the test act
Buacracy
Government offices and Agencies
Who was the leader of Sweden when it was the pinnacle of power?
Gustavus Adolphus
What two dynasties fought in the 30 years War?
Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire and the Burbons of France
James did what in regards to parliament?
Had no use for them
What is the most important room of the palace of Versailles? (Significant and one of a kind)
Hall of mirrors
What happens as a result of building the palace of Versailles?
Louis almost bankrupts France
Who is considered the model of absolute monarchy?
Louis the XIV
What religious groups fought in the 30 years War?
Lutherans, Catholics, and calvinists
Who was the wife of King Louis XIV?
Maria Theresa of Spain
What does parliament do after the death of James I? What was it?
Petition of right, says no money can be collected without parliament approval
Peace of Augsburg
Supposed to have ended religious wars (around Holy Roman Empire)
Gustavus Adolphus
Swedish leader, military genius
How did Russia end up with Sejm?
The Libarum veto act
Diocese
The area under the jurisdiction of a Christian bishop; based originally on Roman administrative districts
What is the Rump Parliament?
The part of the Long Parliament in Britain that continued to sit after the forced exclusion of Presbyterian members. Voted to execute Charles I.
What happened during the 17th century in Europe?
The population continued to be affected by famine and plague due to a mini ice age
Peter the Great
Wanted to westernize Russia
Why was this time considered a "military revolution"?
War during this era will change in the West
Parliament asked who to take the British throne?
William the Orange, husband of Mary
Dialectic
logical argument
Who was Rembrandt?
A Dutch painter from Northern Europe
What did Maximilian create?
A catholic league
Who were the Levellers?
A group in parliament that thought like the future founding fathers, wanted to level the playing field
What is a Sejm?
A legislative body, must be a unanimous decision for anything to pass
Who painted St. Peter's Basilica?
Bernini
What is the Glorious Revolution?
Bloodless overthrow of King James II
What were the four phases of the 30 years War?
Bohemian phase, danish phase, Swedish phase, Franco-Swedish phase
Frederick the Great elctor
Built Brandenburg, Prussia into a power with general war commissariat
What was the peace of Augsburg supposed to do?
End religious warfare
What does Oliver Cromwell write?
England's first and only written constitution
Who was Vlad the impaler?
Feared by the orromqn Turks, impaled them on poles
What were the 4 wars king Louis the XIV went to?
Franco-Dutch War, War or the league of Augsburg, war of Spanish succession, war of devotion
Louis's revocation of the Edict of Nantes best reflects which of the following policies?
His expansion of religious control over France
What caused Charles I to call parliament into session?
His inability to cope with the Scottish rebellion
Which of the following actions by Louis XIV Best reflect the ideas of the excerpt?
His policies that limited the nobility's participation in government
Which of the following is a reason that Louis was almost constantly at war throughout most of his reign?
His pursuit of both dynastic and state intentions
Who takes the throne after James I?
His son Charles I
Where did most of the fighting of the 30 years War take place?
Holy Roman Empire
What was the 30 years War a transition for?
Into becoming nationalist secular version of war
What happened to France after the 30 years War?
It became a dominant power in Europe
What happened to Sweden after the Great north War?
It became a second rate power
What did the English Bill of Rights accomplish?
It recognized Parliament's right to make laws, ushered in constitutional monarchy
What was important about king Louis XIV's court?
It was imitated in Europe
Who is the successor to Charles II?
James II
The ideas in the excerpt above would have most influenced which of the following?
John Locke
What did it include being a Habsburg?
King of Hungary, Bohemia, and the Arch Duke of Austria
Charles XII
King of Sweden
What was the 30 years War considered?
Last of the religious wars of that era
What did Louis do to restructure government?
Micromanager who dominated actions of ministers and secretaries, added people who were loyal followers of his who were from New aristocracy to council, made the court at Versailles the main arena where factions of aristocracy jockey for power, forced powerful people to come to him for favors and offices
What type of westernization took place for Peter the Great?
Military based
Who was Shakespeare's French counterpart?
Moliere
What were the reasons witchcraft went away?
More traditional attitudes towards religion were questioned, governments began to stabilize, there was a growing unwillingness of magistrates to prosecute, there was a tempering of religious passion after all the religious wars
Why were women the main target of witchcraft accusations?
Most people believed in the natural inferiority of women
Which of the following best represents change over time regarding the European witch-hunts?
New ideas in sci nice based on observation and experimentation led to a decline in the European witch-hunts by the end of the seventeenth century
What happened to the Holy Roman Empire after the 30 years War?
No longer an empire, just a loose association of 300 German States
Who did Frederick the Great appoint as officers? What did this cause?
Nobles. A constant tug of war between the king and the non,ex
What was Versailles originally and what caused it to change?
Originally a hunting lodge, was divine inspiration by God
Nicolas-René Jollian the Elder
Painted portraits of Louis XIV
What is the Test Act?
Parliament legislation that states only an Anglican could hold military positions
What ends the war of Spanish succession?
Peace of Utrecht and rassat
Who was Shakespeare?
Playwright, most famous in England, very proud of the elizabethian era, patriotic in writing
In addition to England, which of the following developed a system of government that was not an absolute monarchy?
Poland
What is a poor example of absolute monarchy?
Poland
What was the definitive work on absolute monarchy?
Politics drawn from the very words of holy scripture by Bossuet
What was Rembrandt considered?
Preeminent protestant painter
Oliver Cromwell
Puritan, formed new model army to defeat Charles
What was Moliere known for?
Religious and social satires, known for Tartuff, loved by king Louis
What is interesting about Russian society though this until the 20th century?
Remain feudal
What happens when Charles II is reestablished in the army?
Restores Stuart line
What was the Edict of Fontainebleau?
Revoked the edict of Nantes
Intendents
Royal officials
What was Charles I's taxes called?
Royal taxes, ship money - coastal towns pay for defense and protection from invasion
Cardinal Richelieu
Served Louis XIII, worked to undermine nobles and enhance power of king, attacked French Calvinists
Ottoman Empire
Sleeping giant of Europe
Who was Charles II?
Son of Charles I, brought restoration after Cromwell's deathFri
What caused James to not be liked?
Strong catholic views - ticked off Protestants and anglicans
What is baroque art?
The attempt to take classical renaissance art and blend it with the religious reformation
Domino Theory
The belief that a communist victory in South Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments across Southeast Asia to fall to communism, like a row of dominoes
Diaspora
The dispersion of the Jews outside Israel
What did Frederick the IV create?
The league of protestant states
Which of the following was the most immediate cause for the excerpt?
The outcome of the glorious revolution, which established parliamentary supremacy
The trends described by Barstow and Briggs most directly illustrate which of the following major historical developments in Europe?
The social and economic upheavals of the sixteenth and svententh centuries
What is the nickname of Louis the XIV?
The son king
What happens when Queen Elizabeth dies?
Tutor dynasty dies, then comes the Stuart dynasty, James I gets throne
Absolutism
Ultimate authority is solely in the hands of the king
What events happened at Versailles?
Walks in garden, boating trips, performances of tragedies and comedies, ballets and concerts
During the 30 years War, emperor Ferdinand employed who to be his military strategist, retires, then comes back because the resurgence of the Protestants?
Wallenstein
Who was John Locke?
Wrote 2 treatises of government
