AP Euro Chapters 8 and 9 Test

This 'philosophe' proposed a government based on Enlightened despotism because since only a few in any nation's population control truly be enlightened, a king and his advisers should have the power to carry their program against all opposition; that is was served for the state to be strong if it were to fight and overcome ignorance, habit, credulity, and priestcraft. Who was this philosophe?

Voltaire

Which Enlightenment author was the first, according to your text, to write a history of the world from a purely secular point of view, beginning with ancient China, and putting Judeo-Christian history within a sociological framework?

Voltaire

According to the notes on the French Revolution, the Thermidorean Reaction

came about after the fall and execution of Robespierre, ending the Reign of Terror

According to your text, the Act of Union of 1801 did which of the following?

created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Those members of the Estates General who took the famous Tennis Court Oath swore to

draft a constitution for France

For what purpose did the Committee of Public Safety declare the 'levee en masse'?

draft men for military and scientific work on armaments

According to Ms. Harris's notes on the French Revolution, four of the following are problems in France that led to the revolution. Which of the following is not one of the problems that led to the French Revolution?

dramatic rise in wages in 1788 which cannot be sustained in 1789, leading to massive unemployment in France

Frederick the Great, like all other enlightened despots, made cosmetic changes to Prussia. But there was one area of Prussia that he could not change because to change this would adversely affect the Prussian military. What area is this?

ending serfdom and the stratified Prussian society

Catherine the Great

extended Russia's territorial holding at the expense of the Ottoman Turks and Poland

What did Rousseau do that makes him considered to be the first systematic theorist of a conscious and calculated nationalism?

he applied the social contract theory to the situation of Poland in his work "Considerations on Poland"

Which of the following best characterizes Burke's "Reflections on the Revolution in France"?

it condemned the violence and anarchy of the French Revolution

Which is not accurate for the Maupeou Parlements chancellor Maupeou put into place in France during the reign of Louis XV?

judges in the Maupeau parlements continued to have property rights in their seats

how does Napoleon's "whiff of grapeshot" impact the Directory's future leadership of France?

makes Directory dependent on the military for its life from the outset of its existence

According to the class discussion, there's a limit to the enlightenment an enlightened despot can go to, beyond which he or she can go no further. What is the ultimate limit on the enlightened despot?

no Government can be revolutionary point of breaking up its own foundation and causing revolution against King

"The Encyclopedia" covered a wide range of subjects. Which of the following, according to Ms. Harris' notes on the Enlightenment, was not one of the subjects covered in the 17 volumes?

poetry

Voltaire's slogan of "crush the infamous thing", called for the suppression of

the Church

Louis XIV and his financial advisor de Brienne had come up with a tax plan that was looked at as the way to bring France out of its economic mess. But instead of the parlements, especially the Parlement of Paris approving the tax plan, the parlements said that the tax plan could only be approved of by what/whom?

the Estates General, which was France's national legislature

Which of the following was a result of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

the Gallican Church was put under state control, thus making it subordinate to the state

According to Ms. Harris' notes on the French Revolution, what did Poland do that incited Russia and Prussia to complete the second partition of Poland?

the Poles got rid of the 'Liberum Veto' and organized a new constitutional monarchy

The "Great Fear" that swept through the French countryside in 1789 had its origin in the fear that

the brigands were attacking villages and burning crops

According to Ms. Harris' notes on the Enlightenment work,"The Spirit of the Laws", concluded that the decision of whether a monarchy or a republic was the best form of government for a place was determined by four characteristics. Which of the following is not one of the four characteristics?

the natural resources available

A vocal element in the French Revolution, the sans-culottes were

the urban working class

A Moderate proposal which called on France to adopt a political system similar to Britain's was an element espoused by Montesquieu in

"The Social Contract"

The "Night of August 4" in the first year of the French Revolution when the nobles surrendered their feudal rights was in what year?

1789

"If votes are taken by order, five million citizens will not be able to decide anything for the general interests, because it will not please a couple of hundred thousand privileged individuals. The will of a single individual will veto and destroy the will of more than a hundred people." This complain echoing the concerns of the 3rd Estate, voiced on the eve of the meeting of the Estates General was expressed in a pamphlet by

Abbe Sieyes

According to your text, which Enlightenment author, discussing the economic aspects of an enlightened society, said that mercantilism was bad, and that a free-market economy, without colonies, would be the best economic plan that allowed all citizens to participate to their best ability?

Adam Smith

"Nothing is so conservative as a successful revolution" is a famous quote that applies to which nation?

Britain

The Pugachev Rebellion was a threat to the power of

Catherine II the Great

This philosphe, in his works "On Crimes and Punishments", advocated for penal and legal reforms, so that positive laws of monarchs and legislatures conformed to the rational laws of nature, thus supporting the enlightened despots' usual work of legal codification. Who is this philophe?

Cesare Baecarria

Which French government was responsible for the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

Constituent Assembly

By what event did France become and empire, and Napoleon become its emperor?

Constitution of 1804 and the plebiscite of 1804 which approved it

Enlightened despotism had the least success in which nation?

France

"No one reasons; everyone executes" is the famous quote that explains the leadership outlook of

Frederick II the Great

Which of the following, according to your text, is the position of Edmund Burke and his desire to reform the British Parliament?

He wanted the House of Commons members to be independent and vote in their best judgement of the country's needs, not be bound to the king or their constituents, and that there should be a strong sense of party to oppose royal encroachments

During the time of Maria Teresa's reign in Austria, her Foreign Minister and domestic Minister created a series of changes to three major components of the Austrian empire to ensure the flow of taxes and soldiers to Austria. Which of the following is not among the changes made to the Austria, Bohemia, and Hungary components of the Austrian empire?

Hungary more fully incorporated into the empire by making German the official language of hungary, and forbidding the use of the Hungarian native language

"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains....How did this change about? I do not know. What can make it legitimate? The question I think I can answer." These words began the famous work, treating the nature of the social contract, by

Jean Jacque Rousseau

Which enlightened despot was considered, by your text, to be a "revolutionist without a party"?

Joseph II

According to your text, this revolutionary government had it's power usurped by the Paris commune. Which government was it?

Legislative Assembly

Which of the following chronological sequences on the French Revolution is correct?

Legislative Assembly, Convention, Directory

The constitution of 1791 was created by one government and it establishes a second government. Which government was established by the Constitution of 1791?

Legislative assembly

Which of the following is accurate for the Declaration of Pillnitz?

Leopold promised to declare war on France if everyone else joined him

Who did the Clichy Club want to see in power in France?

Louis XVI's brother, the Count of Provence, as Louis XVIII

During the French Revolution the most powerful member and leader of the Committee of Public Safety was

Maximilien de Robespierre

The theory of the separation of powers was most clearly enunciated in the works of

Montesquieu

Which of the following most accurately describes the participation of women in the Enlightenment?

Most women who participated in the Enlightenment did so as hostesses of salons

In 1773 the British Parliament passed the Regulating Act, regulating British subjects in India. Which of the following is not part of the regulations?

No more British and missionaries trying to convert the Hindu and Muslim populations, thus upsetting the Hindu and Muslim populations of India

Which of the following, according to Ms. Harris's notes on the enlightenment, is correct about Deism.

One of the major points of the Deist creed is the belief in life after death when rewards and punishments would be meted out according to the virtue of the life the person lead on earth

Is accurate for the Coup d'Etat of Fructador?

Results of the 1797 election thrown out, two of the five directors are purged

According to your text, which of the following is correct about an enlightened despot?

The despot justified his/her authority on grounds of usefulness to society as the' first sermon of the state'

During the French Revolution, the achievements of the Jacobins, even if only for short time, included all of the following except

The distribution of all lands belonging to the first and second Estates to the peasants