AP Euro History Absolutism

Cardinal Mazarin

Louis XIV chief minister and successor of Cardinal Richelieu

Policies of Louis XIV

Louis XIV managed the nobility through this and conferred with them before making any formal decision.

Petition of Right

Parliament attempted to encourage Charles to grant basic legal rights in return for granting tax increases, stated that only Parliament had the right to levy taxes, all had the right to Habeas Corpus, no forced quartering of soldiers in homes of private citizens

Hanover: Who did they follow to the throne?

Stuart

Events of the Secession of the United Provinces

The Dutch Wars

Commonwealth

a republic that abolished the monarchy and House of Lords

Cavaliers

a supporter of King Charles I in the English Civil War.

Result of Glorious Revolution

English Bill of Rights

Declaration of Indulgence (1687)

Issued by Charles II to suspend all laws against Roman Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants

Elizabeth I

Protestant But Ruled Moderately In Terms Of Religion. Oversaw English Victory Over Spanish Armada (1588). Major Contribution Was Helping To End Large Scale Religious Disunity In England. The attempt by Elizabeth to settle England's religious problems through compromise

Roundheads

A group consisting of puritans, country land owners, and town based manufacturers, led by Oliver Cromwell

Glorious Revolution

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. A bloodless revolution.

The events of the English Civil War in order.

Charles tried to arrest several Puritan Members of Parliament, an Irish rebellion had broken out and Parliament was not willing to give the king an army, March 1642, Charles declared war against his opponents in Parliament, Oliver Cromwell led his New Model Army to victory

Table of Ranks

Created by Peter, it creates opportunities for nonnobles to serve the state and join the nobility ... nobility based on merit

Jean Bodin

Economic minister to Louis XIV and made it possible for him to raise and maintain a powerful army

Stuarts (In order) Where and who?

England. James I, Charles I, Oliver Cromell, Charles II, James II, William and Mary

Bourbon

France, Louis XIII, Louis XIV

Bill of Rights

King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people.

Cardinal Richelieu

Louis XIII chief minister

Bishop Bousset

Louis XIV's tutor and defender of the notion of "divine right of kings"

Leviathan

Pessimistic view of Human Nature written by Thomas Hobbes

Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

Revoked Protestant privileges that had been granted

Results of the Great Northern War

Russia vs. Sweden. Russia had Poland, Denmark and Saxony as allies. Treaty of Nystad is where Russia gained Latvia and Estonia and thus gained its "Window on the West" in the Baltic Sea

The idea of Divine Right of Kings

The belief that only god can judge the king, similarly that god can only judge the pope.

Philip II

The son of Charles V who later became husband to Mary I and king of Spain and Portugal. He supported the Counter Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England (1527-1598) He was a intolerant, Catholic king.

Palace of Versailles

Under Louis XIV, the Palace at Versailles became the grandest and most impressive palace in all of Europe. the palace reinforced his image as the most powerful absolute ruler in Europe. Royal court grew from 600 people to 10000 people at Versailles. palace became pleasure prison for the french nobility. Built during Louis XIV reign is the quintessential Baroque structure.

Intendant system and policies of...

Used to weaken the nobility-Replaced local officials with civil servants-intendants- who reported directly to the king-Intendants were largely middle-class or minor nobles ("nobles of the robe")- Thus government became more efficient and centrally controlled.

Liberum Veto

Voting in Polish parliament had to be unanimous for changes to be made; thus, little could be done to systematically strengthen the kingdom.

Treaty of Dover

charles ii decides to get more involved in foreign policy and wanted to dominate the north atlantic and engaged in several naval wars with the dutch. charles allied with louis xiv with the ----- -- ----- in 1670 to fight the dutch

Absolutism

is the theory that the monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power

Robert Walpole

the british statesman regarded as the first prime minister of Great Britain

Restoration

the period in which the House of Stuart returned to the throne; May 29, 1660 - Charles I's son, Charles II, takes the throne (1660-1685); becomes known as "the Merry Monarch"; allowed people to enjoy theater/sporting events unlike Cromwell under his strict Puritan rule

Dutch society-Religion and culture

the religious loife was marked by toleration

Polish Government

they use the Liberum Veto, the inability of the Polish monarchy to consolidate its power over the nobility led to Poland's partition by 1800, did not accomplish anything, all decisions needed to be agreed by all

Ivan IV

was Ivan the Terrible and the grandson of Ivan III. He began as a successful leader, adding lands to Russia. He introduced to the country a code of laws. After his wife died, he began to rule harshly. For example, he used secret police to hunt down opponents and kill them. He was the first to assume the title Czar of Russia.

Hohenzollerns

was a German family who ruled Brandenburg from 1415 and later extended their control to Prussia. Under Frederick I, the family's possessions were unified as the kingdom of Prussia. Frederick William (the great elector), Frederick I, Frederick William I, Frederick II

Peter the Great

was a Russian tsar. He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.

Hapsburgs

was a family dominated politics in German states. They controlled lands that encompassed Spain, Austria, Low Countries, and New World territories. They stayed in and increased power through election and marriage. Leopold I

Ivan III

was also known as Ivan the Great. He built framework for absolute rule and worked to limit the power of boyars. He took title of Czar and adopted Byzantine court rituals.