AP Euro Politiques - Bernini

Huguenots

A word for French Calvinists

Saint Bartholomew's Day

Marriage between Henry of Navarre (Henry VI) and Margaret of Valois that meant to help reconcile Huguenots and Catholics. Instead, Huguenot wedding guests were slaughtered, and other Protestants slaughtered by mobs. Religious violence spread to provinces. This led to a civil war that lasted for 15 years.

Thirty Years War

Religious war between Protestant Union and Catholic League with each side wanting to make advances. Wars was divided to 4 Phases: -Bohemian -Danish -Swedish -French Ended by the Treaty of Westphalia War caused many deaths, diseases spreaded, and agriculture suffered

Philip II

Ruler after Charles V was abdicated. Through him Protestant ideas spread. He sent 20000 troops to "pacify" (exterminate) Calvinists in Spain. He also called for Council of Blood which executed 1500 men. To Calvinists it indicated Spanish rule was ungodly and should be overthrown

Henry IV

Ruler after Henry III. A politique formally known as Henry of Navarre the bridegroom of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. His willingness to sacrifice religious principles to political needs saved France. He issued Edict of Nantes. Him and Edict of Nantes helped restore eternal peace in France.

Edict of Nantes

issued by Henry IV in 1598, that granted liberty of conscience and liberty of worship to Huguenots in 150 fortified towns

Treaty of Westphalia

issued in 1648 that ended the Thirty Year's War -conflicts over religious faith receded -recognized the independent authority of over 300 German princes which reconfirmed emperors limited authority -Augsburg agreement became permanent addict Calvinism to Catholicism and Lutheranism as legal to follow

Catherine de Medici

mother of three weak rulers and controlled them during their reigns: - Frances II (r. 1559-1560) - Charles IX (r. 1560-1574) - Henry III She played both sides of the civil war constantly switching religions to what benefits her best. Also developed reputation for cruelty

politiques

small group of people in France of both Faiths who believed restoration in strong monarch can reverse trends in collapse. also accepted Huguenots as officially recognized and organized group