AP Euro: Thirty Years War
Swedish Period
Third phase of Thirty Years War, Gustavus Adolphus leads Protestant side, Wallenstein secretly negotiated to continue the war with Protestant side
Cardinal Richelieu
fears Hapsburg power, enters war on the side of the Protestants
Gustavus Adolphus
new Protestant champion, King of Sweden, won several battles for the Protestants due to light, mobile cannons and loyalty of his men, killed in battle 1632
Thirty Years War
(1618-1648) Last Religious War in Europe, balance of power and politics takes priority, death rates comparable to those of WWII
Treaty of Westfalia
(1648) France annexed part of Alsace, independence of Holland and Switzerland recognized, Brandenburg obtains East Prussia, ends Thirty Years War
Wallenstein
Catholic general, mercenary, secretly negotiated with Sweden to continue war on Protestant side, HRE has him murdered
Post Thirty Years War HRE
Destroyed, towns sacked by mercenary soldiers, commanders looted entire cities, lost 50% of population
Post Thirty Years War France
Emerges as most powerful country in Europe, dominate European affairs for next 165 years
Bohemian Phase
First phase of Thirty Years War, ended in Catholic Austrian Hapsburg victory, Ferdinand II regained Bohemian throne, King Maximillian of Bavaria acquired Palatinate
Swedish-French Period
Fourth phase of Thirty Years War, France joins Sweden to balance power
Defenestration of Prague
Protestant rebels threw two Catholic members of the Bohemian royal council out the window-fell into pile of manure, suffered only minor injuries, starts Thirty Years War
Danish Period
Second phase of Thirty Years War, Lutheran ruler intervened 1625 to support Protestant cause, Catholic general Wallenstein's forces defeated Protestants, Catholic victory
Frederick V
Taking control of Prague, the rebels declared Ferdinand deposed and elected a new King Frederick V