AP Euro: Thirty Years War

Swedish Period

Third phase of Thirty Years War, Gustavus Adolphus leads Protestant side, Wallenstein secretly negotiated to continue the war with Protestant side

Cardinal Richelieu

fears Hapsburg power, enters war on the side of the Protestants

Gustavus Adolphus

new Protestant champion, King of Sweden, won several battles for the Protestants due to light, mobile cannons and loyalty of his men, killed in battle 1632

Thirty Years War

(1618-1648) Last Religious War in Europe, balance of power and politics takes priority, death rates comparable to those of WWII

Treaty of Westfalia

(1648) France annexed part of Alsace, independence of Holland and Switzerland recognized, Brandenburg obtains East Prussia, ends Thirty Years War

Wallenstein

Catholic general, mercenary, secretly negotiated with Sweden to continue war on Protestant side, HRE has him murdered

Post Thirty Years War HRE

Destroyed, towns sacked by mercenary soldiers, commanders looted entire cities, lost 50% of population

Post Thirty Years War France

Emerges as most powerful country in Europe, dominate European affairs for next 165 years

Bohemian Phase

First phase of Thirty Years War, ended in Catholic Austrian Hapsburg victory, Ferdinand II regained Bohemian throne, King Maximillian of Bavaria acquired Palatinate

Swedish-French Period

Fourth phase of Thirty Years War, France joins Sweden to balance power

Defenestration of Prague

Protestant rebels threw two Catholic members of the Bohemian royal council out the window-fell into pile of manure, suffered only minor injuries, starts Thirty Years War

Danish Period

Second phase of Thirty Years War, Lutheran ruler intervened 1625 to support Protestant cause, Catholic general Wallenstein's forces defeated Protestants, Catholic victory

Frederick V

Taking control of Prague, the rebels declared Ferdinand deposed and elected a new King Frederick V