AP Gov Ch. 4
The ________ Amendment forbids forced self-incrimination, stating that no person "shall be compelled to be a witness against himself."
5th
Which of the following is a form of symbolic speech?
All of these are forms of symbolic speech
Laws punishing a named person without trial are known as __________ and are not allowed by the Constitution.
Bills of attainder
Cruel and unusual punishment is forbidden by the
Eighth Amendment
The ________ Amendment forbids forced self-incrimination, stating that no person "shall be compelled to be a witness against himself."
Fifth
Legislation forbidding flag burning was deemed unconstitutional because it violated the
First Amendment's protection of expression
Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's
Fourteenth Amendment
The abridgment of citizens' freedom to worship, or not to worship, as they please is prohibited by the
Free exercise clause
In the 1963 case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that defendants in all felony cases had a right to counsel, and if they could not afford to hire a lawyer, one must be provided.
Gideon v. Wainwright
Beginning with the case of ________ in 1925, the Supreme Court began to rule that the Bill of Rights applied directly to the states, as well as to the national government.
Gitlow v. New York
Which of the following is filed when an imprisoned person wants to be brought before a judge so that the judge can determine whether his or her imprisonment is legal?
Habeas corpus petition
Which of the following best describes a purpose of the Establishment Clause?
It prohibits Congress from establishing a state religion
The publication of statements known to be false that are malicious and tend to damage a person's reputation is called
Libel
In the case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that the protection against unreasonable search and seizure applied to the state and local governments, as well as the national government, thus nationalizing the exclusionary rule.
Mapp v. Ohio
In ________, the Court clarified its doctrine of what was obscene, including such gauges as whether material appealed to merely a prurient interest in sex, and whether it lacked serious artistic, literary, political, or scientific merit.
Miller v. California
The Supreme Court's 1991 ruling that a coerced confession introduced during a trial does not automatically taint a conviction if it is a "harmless error" is an example of the Court's recent willingness to make exceptions to the requirements of
Miranda Rights
On May 4, 1970, at Ohio's Kent State University, _______ fired on unarmed student protesters who had planned a noontime antiwar rally. As a result, four students, including two passersby, died.
National Guardsmen
In what case did the Supreme Court rule that a newspaper, no matter how outrageous its opinions, must be allowed to publish without prior restraint?
Near v. Minnesota
The principle that statements about public figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth was established in
New York Times v. Sullivan
In 1957, the Supreme Court changed its definition of _______ from anything to do with sex to "material that deals with sex in a manner appealing to prurient interest" and "utterly without redeeming social importance."
Obscenity
New technologies complicate searches and seizures. The pivotal test is whether a person has "a legitimate expectation of ______" regardless of the technological means used to search.
Privacy
The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?
Prohibits the setting up of a state church
Which of the following best defines civil liberties?
Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government
The language of the First Amendment, "Congress shall make no law," suggests that the Bill of Rights was written to
Restrict the powers of the national government
The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade related to which issue?
Right to an abortion
In Gideon v. Wainwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the
Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel provision applies to those accused of major crimes under state laws
Which part of the U.S. government uses selective incorporation when it exercises its powers?
Supreme Court
Claiming the right to not incriminate oneself is popularly called _______.
Taking the fifth
Which part of the U.S. government uses selective incorporation when it exercises its power?
The Supreme Court
Libel cases are hard to win in court because the prosecutor must demonstrate "actual malice" displayed by a "reckless disregard for ______
The truth
In the Lemon v. Kurtzman decision of 1971, the Supreme Court ruled that
aid to church-related schools must be for secular purposes only, and cannot be used to advance or inhibit religion.
The incorporation doctrine involves
application of the Bill of Rights to the states.
The rights of protestors demonstrating outside abortion clinics concern which of the following freedoms?
assembly
In Gitlow v New York (1925), the Court ruled that freedoms of speech and press were liberties protected by the ________ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
due process
Government recognition of a national or official religion is prohibited by the
establishment clause
The two clauses of the First Amendment regarding religion and government are commonly referred to as
establishment clause and free exercise clause
The Supreme Court case of Gideon v. Wainwright
extended the right to counsel to everyone accused of a felony
Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the ______ Amendment.
first
The Fifth Amendment forbids
forced self-incrimination
Incorporation is the legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the due process clause of the _________ Amendment.
fourteenth
Which of the following elements of the Bill of Rights was extended to the states by the Supreme Court case of Near v. Minnesota?
freedom of the press
Civil liberties are legal and constitutional protections against
government
The legal concept through which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights is called the
incorporation doctrine
In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court established that aid to church-related schools must do all of the following EXCEPT
inhibit religion
The Supreme Court has ruled that government aid to church-related schools
is permitted when the aid is for a non-religious purpose.
In Roth v. United States, the Supreme Court held that
obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected free speech.
In the Engel v. Vitale case of 1962, the Supreme Court ruled that ________ was (were) unconstitutional.
prayers done as classroom exercises in public schools
In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the Supreme Court
ruled that various portions of the Bill of Rights cast "penumbras" protecting a right to privacy, including a right to family planning.
With respect to prayer in public schools, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that
state-sponsored prayer violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment
In the case of New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that
statements made about political figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth
The Bill of Rights was written and proposed by
the First Congress of the United States in 1789.
In District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), the Supreme Court ruled that
the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected to service in a militia.
In Roe v. Wade, the majority of Supreme Court justices determined that
the United States Constitution implies a right to privacy and thus made abortions legal
In its Near v. Minnesota decision of 1931, the Supreme Court ruled that
the state government could not use prior restraint to shut down an outspoken newspaper
The "Miranda warning" represents an attempt to protect criminal suspects against
unfair police interrogation
In Gonzales v. Carhart (2007), the Supreme Court
upheld a 2003 law banning "partial birth abortion" despite the fact that it does not make an exception to preserve a mother's health