AP Gov Ch. 4

The ________ Amendment forbids forced self-incrimination, stating that no person "shall be compelled to be a witness against himself."

5th

Which of the following is a form of symbolic speech?

All of these are forms of symbolic speech

Laws punishing a named person without trial are known as __________ and are not allowed by the Constitution.

Bills of attainder

Cruel and unusual punishment is forbidden by the

Eighth Amendment

The ________ Amendment forbids forced self-incrimination, stating that no person "shall be compelled to be a witness against himself."

Fifth

Legislation forbidding flag burning was deemed unconstitutional because it violated the

First Amendment's protection of expression

Most of the individual protections of the Bill of Rights now apply to the states because of the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution's

Fourteenth Amendment

The abridgment of citizens' freedom to worship, or not to worship, as they please is prohibited by the

Free exercise clause

In the 1963 case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that defendants in all felony cases had a right to counsel, and if they could not afford to hire a lawyer, one must be provided.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Beginning with the case of ________ in 1925, the Supreme Court began to rule that the Bill of Rights applied directly to the states, as well as to the national government.

Gitlow v. New York

Which of the following is filed when an imprisoned person wants to be brought before a judge so that the judge can determine whether his or her imprisonment is legal?

Habeas corpus petition

Which of the following best describes a purpose of the Establishment Clause?

It prohibits Congress from establishing a state religion

The publication of statements known to be false that are malicious and tend to damage a person's reputation is called

Libel

In the case of ________, the Supreme Court ruled that the protection against unreasonable search and seizure applied to the state and local governments, as well as the national government, thus nationalizing the exclusionary rule.

Mapp v. Ohio

In ________, the Court clarified its doctrine of what was obscene, including such gauges as whether material appealed to merely a prurient interest in sex, and whether it lacked serious artistic, literary, political, or scientific merit.

Miller v. California

The Supreme Court's 1991 ruling that a coerced confession introduced during a trial does not automatically taint a conviction if it is a "harmless error" is an example of the Court's recent willingness to make exceptions to the requirements of

Miranda Rights

On May 4, 1970, at Ohio's Kent State University, _______ fired on unarmed student protesters who had planned a noontime antiwar rally. As a result, four students, including two passersby, died.

National Guardsmen

In what case did the Supreme Court rule that a newspaper, no matter how outrageous its opinions, must be allowed to publish without prior restraint?

Near v. Minnesota

The principle that statements about public figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth was established in

New York Times v. Sullivan

In 1957, the Supreme Court changed its definition of _______ from anything to do with sex to "material that deals with sex in a manner appealing to prurient interest" and "utterly without redeeming social importance."

Obscenity

New technologies complicate searches and seizures. The pivotal test is whether a person has "a legitimate expectation of ______" regardless of the technological means used to search.

Privacy

The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?

Prohibits the setting up of a state church

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

Provisions in the Bill of Rights that provide guarantees against arbitrary interference by government

The language of the First Amendment, "Congress shall make no law," suggests that the Bill of Rights was written to

Restrict the powers of the national government

The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade related to which issue?

Right to an abortion

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the

Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel provision applies to those accused of major crimes under state laws

Which part of the U.S. government uses selective incorporation when it exercises its powers?

Supreme Court

Claiming the right to not incriminate oneself is popularly called _______.

Taking the fifth

Which part of the U.S. government uses selective incorporation when it exercises its power?

The Supreme Court

Libel cases are hard to win in court because the prosecutor must demonstrate "actual malice" displayed by a "reckless disregard for ______

The truth

In the Lemon v. Kurtzman decision of 1971, the Supreme Court ruled that

aid to church-related schools must be for secular purposes only, and cannot be used to advance or inhibit religion.

The incorporation doctrine involves

application of the Bill of Rights to the states.

The rights of protestors demonstrating outside abortion clinics concern which of the following freedoms?

assembly

In Gitlow v New York (1925), the Court ruled that freedoms of speech and press were liberties protected by the ________ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

due process

Government recognition of a national or official religion is prohibited by the

establishment clause

The two clauses of the First Amendment regarding religion and government are commonly referred to as

establishment clause and free exercise clause

The Supreme Court case of Gideon v. Wainwright

extended the right to counsel to everyone accused of a felony

Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the ______ Amendment.

first

The Fifth Amendment forbids

forced self-incrimination

Incorporation is the legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the due process clause of the _________ Amendment.

fourteenth

Which of the following elements of the Bill of Rights was extended to the states by the Supreme Court case of Near v. Minnesota?

freedom of the press

Civil liberties are legal and constitutional protections against

government

The legal concept through which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights is called the

incorporation doctrine

In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court established that aid to church-related schools must do all of the following EXCEPT

inhibit religion

The Supreme Court has ruled that government aid to church-related schools

is permitted when the aid is for a non-religious purpose.

In Roth v. United States, the Supreme Court held that

obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected free speech.

In the Engel v. Vitale case of 1962, the Supreme Court ruled that ________ was (were) unconstitutional.

prayers done as classroom exercises in public schools

In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the Supreme Court

ruled that various portions of the Bill of Rights cast "penumbras" protecting a right to privacy, including a right to family planning.

With respect to prayer in public schools, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that

state-sponsored prayer violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment

In the case of New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that

statements made about political figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth

The Bill of Rights was written and proposed by

the First Congress of the United States in 1789.

In District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), the Supreme Court ruled that

the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected to service in a militia.

In Roe v. Wade, the majority of Supreme Court justices determined that

the United States Constitution implies a right to privacy and thus made abortions legal

In its Near v. Minnesota decision of 1931, the Supreme Court ruled that

the state government could not use prior restraint to shut down an outspoken newspaper

The "Miranda warning" represents an attempt to protect criminal suspects against

unfair police interrogation

In Gonzales v. Carhart (2007), the Supreme Court

upheld a 2003 law banning "partial birth abortion" despite the fact that it does not make an exception to preserve a mother's health