AP Gov: Chapter 2

nature of gov

No faction should overwhelm other factions. Leads to: -checks/balances -separation powers

why did anti-federalists believe new constitution was class based

bc it was intended to ensure that a particular economic elite controlled policy

writ of habeous corpus

court order requiring jailers/judge to explain why they are holding a prisoner in custody

Connecticut compromise

created two houses of congress. William Johnson

founders view on human nature

cynical

23rd amendment (1961)

dc residents can vote

Constitution said you are not allowed to pass

ex post facto laws

supported the constitution

federalists

marbury vs madison

judicial review

How much did the Constitution say about personal freedoms?

little

26th amendment (1971)

lowered voting age to 18

Virginia Plan

made state representation in the house based on population. Edmund Randoplh

24th amendment

no poll taxes 4 poor

factions

parties/interest groups from unequal distribution of wealth. can cause instability in gov.

2 stages of an amendment

proposal and ratification

constitution upholds

right to trial by jury

Things madisonian model of democracy did

separated powers, created system of checks and balances, established federal system

consent of the goverened

the people must agree on who their rulers will be. Gov derives its authority by sanction of the people. People choose leaders

Constitution outlines rules about

treason

unwritten constution

unwritten body of tradition/practice/procedure that changes the spirit of the constitution

informal changes in gov: increasing demands polcy makers

war expands power -us in national affairs (Afganistan, Iraq) -patriot act

Constitution prohibits suspension of

writs of habeous corpus and passing bills of attainer

-15th amendment:

(1870) prohibited discrimination based on race

19th amendment (1920)

(1920) women's right to vote

example of changing technology

(mass media) -social security online -mass media reach out to large audience

Constitution

-a nations basic law. -creates political institutions, assigns/divides power in gov -provides certain guarantees to citizens either written or unwritten -accumulations of traditions/precedents established =acceptable means of governing

Declaration of independence

-approved by american colonies in 1776 -stated grievances vs British monarch and declared independence -Thomas Jefferson said King abused colonies

ways in which the constitution expands the scope of government

-bill of rights enforces individualism. checks and balances. -encourages access to many interests -protect liberty through open system

economic issues at the constitutional convention

-delegates were nation's economic elite -delegates spelled out the economic powers of congress

founders view on poltical conflict

-distribution of wealth source conflict (also religion, views of governing, attachment 2 leaders) -parties/interest groups

federalists

-expected few violations civil liberties -strong federal gov -issue paper money (stronger currency)

Bill of rights

-first 10 amendments of the constitution -restrains national gov from limiting personal freedoms (freedom of religion, pseech, press) -drafted in response to anti federalist

grievances of colonists under colonial rule

-increase in taxes -tightened trade regulations -lacked representation

How Jefferson took John Locke's writings

-life, liberty, pursuit of happiness -rights consent governed

different ways in which an amendment may be adopted

-national convention called by 2/3 legislature -3/4 states @ special state convention -2/3 each house in congress (prez can influence)

Major components of John Locke's political philosophy

-natural rights -consent of the governed -limited gov 2 protect rights

examples of changing political practice

-political parties -electoral college

objects of gov (founding fathers)

-preservation property -smaller (security from invasion, domestic tranquility, promotion of general welfare)

equal rights amendment

-proposed but not ratified (did not get 3/4 states because of the south) -1923 stanton to 1972)

Federalist papers

-series of articles supporting the constitution.(defended & stated philosophy) -James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay -public

reasons why the articles of confederation failed

-states hardly attended -few powers other than army/navy -request $ from states no tax -lacked power 2 reg commerce

beliefs anti federalists

-strengthen protection of civil liberties -strong state govs -weaker currency

3 major economic problems @ the constitutional convention

1) states erecting taxes over other states (gov regulates US/foreign commerce) 2)paper money worthless & forced on creditors (gov creates sound currency) 3)trouble raising $ (gov assumes national debt)

How slavery was dealt with at the constitutional convention:

Congress could limit the future importation of slaves and 3/5 compromise settled how slaves would be represented

New Jersey plan

Created @ constitutional convention. each state represented equally in congress. Paterson.

Did not support the constitution

anti-federalists

Articles of confederation

-"Union of friendship" -National legislature. Every states 2 to 7 reps -most power in states -only ask more $ -stepping stone to constitution

5 constitutional amendments that expanded the right to vote

-15th amendment: (1870) prohibited discrimination based on race -19th amendment (1920) women's right to vote -23rd amendment (1961) dc residents can vote 24th amendment no poll taxes 4 poor 26th amendment (1971)26th amendment (1971)

Shay's Rebellion

-Rebellion after losing land to creditos, series of attacks on courthouses by farmers to block foreclosure -articles unable 2 suppress

3 major equality issues @ constitutional convention & how they were solved

-Representation states (New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Connecticut Compromise) -slavery (limit future importing, 3/5 compromise) -equality (in voting left to state)

why did founding fathers believe it was not necessary to address individual rights issues specifically in the constitution

-Thought because gov was limited it would not interfere w personal freedoms - seperation of gov doing a good job

limited government

Locke. clear restrictions on what rulers may do. Protect rights people

Goal of Madisonian Model of Democracy

Thwart tyranny of the majority

What does Constitution say about religious qualifications for voting?

You do not need them

republic

a system based on the consent of the governed in which representatives of the public exercise power