AP GOV CHAPTER 8 TEST

what state doesn't require voter registration

North Dakota

parochial participants

don't vote or participate in campaigns or political organizations but do complain to politicians about specific problems

Which of the following was employed to discriminate against African Americans who wanted to vote? a. Literacytests. b. Poll taxes. c. Grandfather clauses. d. White primaries. e. All of the above.

e. All of the above.

After the 1890s voter-registration regulations became more burdensome because a. they had longer residency requirements. b. it became harder for African Americans to vote. c. educational qualifications were added in some states. d. voters were required to register far in advance of the election. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

Political demonstrations have been used by a. antiwar activists. b. farmers. c. truckers. d. civil rights activists. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

The most important changes in elections have included all of the following except a. extension of suffrage to women. b. extension of suffrage to African Americans. c. extension of suffrage to eighteen-year-olds. d. direct popular election of Senators. e. direct popular election of Representatives in the House.

e. direct popular election of Representatives in the House.

Americans that are ________ are not so likely to misreport voting? a. young b. low-income c. nonwhite d. less-educated e. elderly

e. elderly

Adoption of the Australian ballot enabled United States citizens to vote a. early and often. b. more easily. c. by absentee ballot. d. without being informed. e. in secret.

e. in secret.

The number of elective offices in the United States, compared with European nations, is a. much lower. b. slightly lower. c. about the same. d. slightly higher. e. much higher.

e. much higher.

Studies of non-voters suggest that, had they voted in recent presidential elections, a. the Democrats would have won more often. b. the Republicans would have won more often. c. the Democrats would have won more of the elections by "landslides." d. the Republicans would have won more of the elections by "landslides." e. the outcome of most elections would have been about the same.

e. the outcome of most elections would have been about the same.

When one refocuses analyses of voter turnout in the last fourteen presidential elections to VEP measures, it is clear that a. there never has been anything like a turnout problem in America. b. the voter turnout problem disappeared in the most recent elections. c. voters are participating more now than ever before. d. voter turnout has generally declined in the most recent elections. e. voter turnout has generally remained the same.

e. voter turnout has generally remained the same.

15th amendment

lead to greater political participation: can't deny based on race

23rd amendment

lead to greater political participation: d.c. gets 3 electoral votes

17th amendment

lead to greater political participation: direct election of senators

Voting Rights Act of 1965

lead to greater political participation: prohibited any government from using voting procedures that denied a person the vote on the basis of race ---> abolished literacy tests

24th amendment

lead to greater political participation: removes poll taxes

26th amendment

lead to greater political participation: voting age from 21 --> 18

19th amendment

lead to greater political participation: women can vote

motor voter act of 1993

lead to greater political participation: you can register to vote when you get/renew driver's license

22. Based on the infographic, which of the following claims would an opponent of state voter-ID laws most likely make? (A) Voter-ID laws are likely to decrease turnout among African American voters because they are less likely to have government-issued IDs. (B) (Voter turnout will likely decrease by 10% if voters are required to present a government-issued ID to vote. (C) Voter-ID laws will likely decrease election fraud, which will increase voter con dence in institutions and thereby increase turnout. (D) African American voters who do not have government-issued IDs are likely to participate at the grassroots level and exert in uence through channels other than turning out to vote.

A

same-day voter registration

people may register and vote on the same day

Disenfranchisement

take away an individual's right to vote

amendments beyond the bill of rights that improved democracy

15th, 17th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, 26th

Grandfather Clause

A clause in registration laws that banned people from voting if their ancestors didn't vote before 1867

poll taxes

A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

which president played the largest role in expanding political participation

Andrew Jackson

1. Which of the following statements is reflected in the data in the chart? (A) those who are younger are more likely to be registered to vote than those who are older. (B) Among registered voters, there was a steep increase in social media usage to follow political gures across all age groups and party a liations. (C) Registered voters in the 65+ age group did not increase their use of social media to follow political gures. (D) Of those using social networking sites, those registered as Republican were more likely to vote than those registered as Democrats.

B

2. Which of the following is a potential consequence of the trend illustrated in the bar chart? (A) Social media has led to more candidates running as independents rather than as members of political parties. (B) Elected o cials and candidates running for o ce are increasingly using social media to reach out to voters and constituents. (C) Social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter have been overrun with political content. (D) Social networking sites have led to increased political polarization in the general public.

B

4. Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on a comparison of the trends in the line graph above and your knowledge of voter behavior? (A) More citizens vote in presidential elections because more citizens are eligible to vote in presidential elections than in midterm elections. (B) More citizens vote in presidential elections because there is more media coverage of presidential elections than midterm elections. (C) More citizens vote in midterm elections because midterm elections are more important than presidential elections. (D) More citizens vote in midterm elections because there is more money spent on campaigns in midterm elections than in presidential elections.

B

23. Based on the infographic, which of the following strategies would a group seeking to increase turnout likely pursue? (A) Use radio ads to advocate stricter voter-ID laws (B) Hold a voter registration drive in public high schools (C) Lobby state legislatures to overturn voter-ID legislation (D) Lobby Congress to eliminate the Voting Rights Act

C

3. Which of the following best describes a trend in the line graph above? (A) Voter turnout in midterm elections increased substantially between 1982 and 2010. (B) Voter turnout in presidential elections generally increased between 1940 and 1948. (C) Voter turnout in midterm elections generally decreased between 1966 and 2014. (D) Voter turnout in presidential elections consistently decreased between 1972 and 2008.

C

literacy tests

a requirement that citizens show that they can read before registering to vote

provisional ballots

a vote that is cast but not counted until determination is made that the voter is properly registered

factors influencing voting

age, income, education, gender, race

Who tends to think that they will benefit from increases in registration and voting? a. Democrats b. Republicans c. Incumbents d. State officials e. Senators

a. Democrats

america's participatory culture

america has a participatory political culture compared to other western and industrialized countries. we participate more but vote less

VEP measures of turnout may have an advantage over VAP measures because a. VEP measures attempt to remove ineligible voters from the data. b. VEP measures are based on actual census data. c. VEP measures include prisoners, but not felons or aliens. d. VEP measures include felons, but not prisoners or aliens. e. VEP measures are verified by each state legislature.

a. VEP measures attempt to remove ineligible voters from the data.

One explanation for the apparent decline in voter turnout suggests the political parties are no longer attempting to mobilize the mass of voters and are too a. conservative. b. liberal. c. moderate. d. disorganized. e. ideological.

a. conservative.

2001 study found that motor-voter registrants were less likely than other new registrants to a. vote. b. vote Republican. c. vote Democrat. d. support Independent candidates. e. support incumbents.

a. vote.

Those who cast ballots in elections but engage in no other form of political participation are called a. voting specialists. b. campaigners. c. issue belligerents. d. communalists. e. parochial participants.

a. voting specialists.

The Voting Rights Act of 1970, which gave eighteen-year-olds the right to vote in state and federal elections a. was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. b. was vetoed by the president. c. was opposed by a large majority of Americans. d. was upheld by the Supreme Court but revoked by Congress. e. was never considered on the floor of either the House or the Senate.

a. was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

About ___ percent of the American population are completely inactive (they rarely discuss politics or vote and are not involved in organizations). a. 10 b. 20 c. 40 d. 50 e. 60

b. 20

In surveys, about what percentage of respondents claim to have voted in an election when they did not do so? a. 2 to 3 percent b. 8 to 10 percent c. 20 to 25 percent d. 30 to 35 percent e. 40 to 50 percent

b. 8 to 10 percent

Which of the following statements about the motor-voter law is accurate? a. It encouraged about 80 million more people to vote. b. It requires states to allow people to register to vote when applying for driver's licenses. c. It took effect in 1993. d. It has changed the balance of registrants in favor of the Democrats. e. It allows illegal aliens and convicted felons to register to vote.

b. It requires states to allow people to register to vote when applying for driver's licenses.

The best evidence suggests Americans a. are voting less and participating in politics less. b. are voting less and participating in politics more. c. are voting and participating in politics at about the same rate. d. are voting more and participating less in politics. e. are voting more and participating more in politics.

b. are voting less and participating in politics more.

Initially, following passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, women a. voted as often as men, but generally in the same manner. b. voted less often than men, but generally in the same manner. c. voted more often than men, but generally in the same manner. d. voted more often than men, but quite independently. e. voted as often as men, but quite independently.

b. voted less often than men, but generally in the same manner.

Individuals between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one could vote in a presidential election for the first time in a. 1964. b. 1968. c. 1972. d. 1976. e. 1980.

c. 1972.

In turnout rate for the new voters was about the first presidential election where those between eighteen and twenty-one could vote, the a. 20 percent. b. 30 percent. c. 40 percent. d. 50 percent. e. 60 percent.

c. 40 percent.

In states that have instituted same-day voter registration, the effect on voter turnout has been a. a major decline. b. a slight decline. c. a slight increase. d. a major increase. e. no effect at all.

c. a slight increase.

Those who prefer to participate in politics by forming and joining nonpartisan groups and dealing with various issues in them are referred to as a. voting specialists. b. campaigners. c. communalists. d. issue belligerents. e. parochial participants.

c. communalists.

In 2002, Congress passed legislation which did all of the following except a. required states to have a system in place for counting disputed ballots. b. provided federal funds to upgrade voting equipment. c. created a uniform national voting system. d. provided federal funds for training election officials. e. BandD.

c. created a uniform national voting system.

Compared with European turnout, American turnout is more skewed toward _________ persons. a. informed b. ideological c. higher-status d. secular e. alienated

c. higher-status

Compared with Europeans, American voters are offered the opportunity to vote a. much less frequently. b. slightly less frequently. c. more frequently. d. just as often. e. much less frequently, but their vote counts more.

c. more frequently

At the time the Constitution was ratified, voting was limited to a. mostwhitemales. b. most males. c. property owners or taxpayers. d. the commercial class. e. farmers.

c. property owners or taxpayers.

Six kinds of US Citizens

communalist, parochial participants, activists, inactive, voting specialists, campaigners

Which of the following are more likely to vote and otherwise take part in politics? a. Fans of professional sports. b. Midwesterners. c. Bowlers. d. Regular church goers. e. Musicians and poets.

d. Regular church goers.

Those who are inactive in politics tend to a. have lower levels of education. b. have lower levels of incomes. c. be relatively young. d. all of the above. e. be extremely liberal or conservative.

d. all of the above.

Two careful studies of voter turnout in twenty-four democratic nations found that almost all of the difference in voter turnout could be explained by a. the degree of party strength. b. the presence or absence of automatic registration. c. the presence or absence of compulsory voting laws. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.

d. all of the above.

Studies show that feelings of distrust toward political leaders have ________ effect on voter turnout. a. a stimulating b. a depressing c. an impressive d. no e. an unpredictable

d. no

Those who stay out of electoral contests and community organizations but will contact officials to deal with specific problems are called a. voting specialists. b. campaigners. c. communalists. d. parochial participants. e. issue belligerents.

d. parochial participants.

Until about 1890 ballots were printed by the a. candidates. b. House of Representatives. c. state legislatures. d. political parties. e. local government.

d. political parties.

31. When Jesse Jackson ran for the presidency in 1984, a. registration of southern blacks decreased. b. registration of southern whites decreased. c. registration of southern blacks and whites decreased. d. registration of southern blacks and whites increased. e. there was no noticeable effect on voter registration.

d. registration of southern blacks and whites increased.

In this country about _______ of the voting age population is registered to vote. a. one-eighth b. one-quarter c. one-half d. two-thirds e. ninety-five percent

d. two-thirds

concerns with same-day voter registration

difficult to properly verify voter information for on-the-spot voting

factors that have caused a decrease in voter turnout

difficulty of voter registration, decline in efficacy, weekday, non-holiday voting, constant elections

Suppression of Voting Rights

disenfranchisement, literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clause, white primary

Help America Vote Act of 2002

federal statute enacted after the 2000 presidential election to effectively standardize election procedures. Provided funding to help states update their voting equipment and also created minimum election administration standards, created new methods for voting including provisional ballots, early voting, expanding same-day registration, and online voting.

enfranchisement

gaining the right to vote

voter identification laws

goal: to reduce voter fraud. make it harder for poor, minorities, and disabled to participate

what is the most important characteristic of a politically active citizen

high level of education

Shelby county v. holder

holding: section four of the voting rights act is unconstitutional' its formula can no longer be used as a basis for subjecting jurisdictions to pre clearance. section 4 defines the eligible districts as ones that has a voting test in place as of nov 1st, 1964 and less than 50% turnout for 1964 presidential election the court held that section four of the voting rights act imposes current burdens that are no longer responsive to the current conditions in the voting districts in question

from state to federal control

initially states decided who could vote and for which offices. this led to wide variation in federal elections so congress has reduced prerogatives through laws and amendments

Pre-clearance

mandated by the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the prior approval by the Justice Department of changes to or new election laws by certain States

Weekday, non-holiday voting: impact on voter turnout

many western democracies hold their elections on weekends and holidays but most elections in the u.s. are the first Tuesday in November

communalist

non-partisan community activists with local focus (ie. cleaning up streets)

how does age affect voting

older people are more likely to vote than younger people

activists

participate in all forms of politics; highly educated, high income, middle age

political participation over time

participation in government only included white males with property at first but gradually increased over time

in the u.s., what is participation based on

participation is a class-biased activity: citizens of higher socioeconomic status participate more. minority groups are below average in terms of participation

how does education affect voting

people with more education are more likely to vote

how does income affect voting

people with more income are more likely to vote

voter apathy

perceived apathy (lack of caring) among voters in an election.

early voting

permits people to vote before election day in person or by mail

political participation

political participation refers to the many different ways the people take part in politics and government

what are forms of political participation

political party, debate, giving money to a candidate, writing letter, voting (#1), protesting, etc.

Section 5 Preclearance

prohibits eligible districts from enacting changes to their election laws and procedures without gaining official authorization

inactive

rarely vote, contribute to political organizations, or discuss politics, have little education, low income, young

difficulty of voter registration: impact on voter turnout

registration acts as an obstacle that discourages some people from registering to vote

concerns with provisional ballots

states may not have the resources to properly research records that would allow a vote to be counted

decline in efficacy: impact on voter turnout

the decline in the belief that your vote matters... more lack of trust in government lowers the voter turnout

constant elections: impact on voter turnout

the large number of elections, candidates, tv ADs, and the length of the election process turns voters off of participation --> voter fatigue

white primary

the practice of preventing voting for black citizens through intimidation

the least amount of people get engaged with politics in what way

working for a campaign

voting specialists

vote but do little else, not much education, income, and are older

on-line voting

vote by scanning, uploading, and submitting the ballot on the computer

campaigners

vote, get involved in campaign activities, more educated, interested in politics, identify with a party, take strong positions

how does race affect voting

whites tend to have higher turnout rates compared to other groups... note: when you remove income and educations, blacks vote at a higher rate

how does gender affect voting

women vote at a higher rate