AP Gov Semester 1 Final review

Is not a Constitutional provision for federalism

12th Amendment

The amendment that applies the rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights to state law is the...

14th Amendment

How can Congress remove a president?

A Senate impeachment trial

Which of the following did Hamilton advocate for in Federalist No. 70?

A strong, energetic executive

What did the following did the Federalists prefer more than the Anti-Federalists?

A stronger national government

According to the Constitution, local governments receive power from...

Amendment 10

Why might the Framers have had to justify the need for and strength of the Executive Branch?

Americans feared monarchical rule after the Revolution

Constitutional courts, whether Supreme Courts or lower level courts, derive their authority from ____________________ of the constitution.

Article 3

What allows for the constitutions flexibility?

Article 5

Which of the following statements about cauceses is most accurate?

As intrests groups within congress they have power over legislation

Based on the graph, which of the following statements about presidential approval is accurate?

Barack Obama's approval rating was lower in 2012 than when he took office

Why do presidents try to gain support for their initiatives instead of simply enacting their policy priorities outright?

Because the constitution establishes a system of shared powers

Which of the following concepts does article II, Section 2 embody?

Checks and balances

Which presidential power did Carter employ in negotiating the Camp David Accords?

Chief diplomat

The importance of the separation of powers in the American government system is....

Clearly defined responsibilities and authority for each branch.

In United States v. Lopez, the U.S Supreme Court scrutinized the use of which power as related to the possession of firearms in public schools?

Commerce

Federalism is a hybrid arrangement of two forms of government called

Confederation and Unitary

The primary economic failure of the Articles of Confederation was that...

Congress could not collect taxes

Which of the following makes economic projections about the preformance of the economy, the cost of proposed policies, and the economic effects of taxes and spending alternatives?

Congressional Budget Office

The Constitutional Convention sought to replace the Articles of Confederation because they...

Did not have the ability to tax and provide for the common defense

Which type of federalism is characterized by a system of state and national governments with separate but distinct authority?

Dual

What best represents the trend of party polarization over the last three decades?

Each congressional party has become more homogeneuos, and the distance between parties has increased

Which of the following is a key component of federalism

Each level of government is independent from other levels

How is a constitutional amendment ratified?

Either by three-fourths of state legislatures or by special state conventions in three-fourths of the states.

The Tenth Amendment has not been effective in defending states rights due to the supremacy clause and what other constitutional clause?

Elastic Clause

Which theory contends that American society is divided along class lines?

Elitism

Which of the following might the president use in foreign matters in his role as chief diplomat?

Executive agreements

The Constitution creates a system that prevents excessive power being accumulated by the national government through...

Federalism

Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another?

Full Faith and Credit

Which had the same constitutional principle as United States v. Lopez?

Gibbons v. Ogden

What was Madison's reason for writing Federalist No. 51?

He wanted to address people's concerns about the new government's power.

Which of the following statements about approval ratings is most accurate?

High approval ratings lead many to assume that presidents are more effective leaders

All tax legislation must begin with the...

House of Representatives

Based on the graph, which statement about incumbents is most accurate?

Incumbents have a significant reelection advantage

Which of the following is the cartoonist's main point?

Intrest groups play too big of a role in policymaking

How does federalism contribute to democracy?

It increases citizens' access to government.

Why does the perception of an electoral mandate matter in presidential politics?

It offers legitimacy and credibility to a recently elected president's proposals

Why was McCulloch v. Maryland a landmark federalism case?

It reinforced the idea of national supremacy, altering the relationship between federal and state governments.

Thomas Jefferson's version of the Deceleration of Independence was largely impacted by the writing of...

Locke

Which constitutional power does the president share with the senate?

Making treaties

In the United States, pluralism suggests which of the following?

Many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics

The supremacy of federal government over the states was firmly established in what case?

McCulloch V. Maryland

How has the supremacy clause allowed for ever-greater national authority?

National law automatically supersedes state law

The commerce clause expands Congress's power, because it gives the national legislature the authority to...

Nationalize certain legislative policy

The constitutional provision that allows Congress to expand its Legislative power is the...

Necessary and proper clause

Why is the headline in this photo significant?

Nixon is the only president ever to resign his office

How does Article I, Section 7 exemplfy the concept of checks and balances?

No one branch is single handedly in control of making laws for the country

Which of the following is a judicial power given to the president?

Nominating federal judges

Which of the following reviews potential legislative proposals suggested by executive agencies and assessed their budgetary implications?

Office of Management and Budget

Why have vice presidential candidates historical been chosen?

Placate a symbolic constituency

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between congress and the president?

Presidents are most succesful as facilitators, rather than directors, in lawmaking

Based on the graph, which of the following is true of presidents' "win rate" in Congress?

Presidents' "win rates" tend to be higher at the start of their terms

How might rally events affect presidential politics?

Rally events tend to temporarily increase presidential approval ratings, providing presidents with a window of opportunity to press their agenda.

Which of the following statements might be made by a critic of term limits?

Representative are better able to represent their districs after several years

Which committees exist in both the house and the senate, may be temporary or permanent, and usually have a specific purpose?

Select

What constitutional principle did Madison defend in Federalist No. 51?

Separation of Powers

A pivotal event that symbolized the problems with the Articles of Confederation and demonstrated the need to reform the Articles was...

Shay's Rebellion

Which of the group was most likely to oppose the proposed Constitution?

Small Farmers

Which citizen is ineligible to become president?

Someone who has already been elected president twice

Who is the only House official mandated by the Constitution?

Speaker of the House

This was the policy of the British government toward the colonies after the French and Indian War that sowed the seeds of revolution

Stamp Act

The Anti-Federalist' opposition to the Constitution was predicated on the belief that a strong central government would...

Strip states and individuals of their rights and the authority to make laws

Accurate statement about United States v. Lopez

The Court limited the federal government's power over the states.

Which is one reason why the power and responsibility of the presidency had increased?

The United States has increased its prominence on the world stage

In what way was the economy different under the Constitution than the Articles of Confederation?

The constitution gave Congress powers that it could never have enforced under the Articles.

What distinguishes the contemporary presidency from the institution originally envisioned by the Framers of the Constitution?

The contemporary presidency is much too powerful

Based on the graph, which of the following statements is true?

The house is often more poralized than the Senate

Which of the following would have had to happen for Nixon to be impeached, rather than resign?

The house must impeach the president by a simple majority, the senate must convict wit a two-thirds majority

Based on the graph, what is the relationship between income and political participation?

The nation's highest earners had the highest voting percentages

What is a disadvantage of federalism?

The quality of policies can vary from state to state.

Which of the Framer's concerns did the provisions in Article I, Section 8 address?

The state of America's finances

The constitution differs from the Declaration of Independence in that it does not focus on the individual rights of the governed, but rather on...

The structure and function of the government

How has the office of vice president changed over the years?

The vice president has been more involved in the policymaking process in recent years than in the past.

According to Madison, which of the following is a reason for government to "control itself"?

To prevent one branch from overpowering the others

Many local school districts complained that the No Child Left Behind Act did not provide enough funding to implement the law. If this is the case, the law was a(n) __________.

Unfunded Mandate

In which system do local and regional governments derive authority from the national government?

Unitary

In the Case of Marbury V Madison the Supreme Court established the Court's ability to...

Utilize Judicial review

Who breaks a tie in the Senate?

Vice President of the United States

What was intended to give Congress a greater voice in the introduction of American troops into hostilities?

War Powers Resolution

Which institutional resource is closest and most loyal to the president?

White House staff

Which example best demonstrates a legislator acting as a trustee of his or her constituency?

a legislator uses his or her best judgment

Which of the following is most likely to constitute an impeachable offense?

a president's decision to invade a country solely to increase his or her public support

Which of the following did the Federalists prefer more than the Anti-Federalists?

a stronger national government

Which of the Constitution's characteristics does the cartoon address?

adaptability

When does a bill go to the Rules Committee in the house of representative?

after it is approved by its full commitee

In which capacity have recent vice presidents been particularly influential in American politics?

as an adviser in the policymaking process

What type of legislature did the Constitutional Convention create?

bicameral

Based on the graph, how might federal term limits effect the make up of congress?

canadites face more opposition when there are term limits

what is difined by the activities that help individual constituents, particularly by cutting through burecratic red tape?

casework

What is the pictured group of members of Congress who share some intrest or characteristic and common goals?

caucus

How can a filibuster be ended?

cloture approved by 66 senators

Where does most of congress's work happen?

committees

Which committee is responsible for resolving differences between House and Senate bills?

conference

According to the constitution, how can a bill become a law without the POTUS signature?

congress can override the veto with 2/3 vote of each house

Which incumbency advantage involves efforts to highlight an incumbent's service to individuals and to the district?

credit claiming

What is the perception that the voters strongly support the president and his or her policies?

electoral mandate

What are the two types of federal powers derived from Article I, section 8 of the U.S. Constitution?

enumerated;implied

What is a good example of congressional casework?

helping a constituent with the Veterans Administration

How might the pork barrel aid a congressional member's district?

increasing jobs and revenue with federaly funded projects

Why is congress fairly open to interest group influence?

it is decentralized

Based on this passage, which of the following powers is outlined in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution?

legislative powers

What does the Twenty-Second Amendment do?

limits the president's terms of office

who is second in authourity to speaker of the house in the house of representatives?

majority leader

In which way do modern presidents differ from the orginal intentions of the Framers?

modern presidents are much more influential in the legislative process than the framers orginally intended

How have parties changed internally as they have become more poralized?

more homogeneuos

Which presidential power is checked by required approval of the Senate with a two-thirds vote?

negotiating treaties with other nations

What type of legislation do party leaders from the two chambers of congress sometimes use to address numerous and perhaps unrelated issues to create winning coalitions and force members to support the entire bill to obtain the individual parts?

omnibus

Congress missed the fact that various agencies with responsibility for supervising the banking industry were negligent in identifying looming financial problems that led to the recession of 2008-2009. This suggests a failure of _____________________.

oversight

Based on the graph, what shift in power took place over the Revolutionary War?

people with moderate income held more seats in state legislatures than the wealthy

The Twenty-fifth Amendment was enacted in order to clear up uncertainties over the constitutional provisions surrounging __________.

presidential and vice-presidential succession and disability

Which of the following effects of the Revoultionary War likely led to the changes indicated in the graph?

rising egalitarian or equality tendencies

Why might incumbents want to deemphasize their policy positions during a reelection campaign?

stressing policiy positions can make enimes as well as friends

what have reformers proposed to increase turnover in the membership of congress?

term limits

Which of the following is a collection of executive branch official who assist the president, but who also fulfill duties required by law and are therefore limited in the extent of their loyalty to the president?

the Executive office of the President

Which of the following is a group of 15 presidential advisers that is too large, diverse, and concerned with individual fiefdoms to effectively serve as a collective board of directors, leaving ultimate decision-making authority with the president?

the cabinet

Which of the following, which might include federal spending projects, might contribute to the trend indicated in the graph?

the pork barrel

Which of the Framer's concerns did the provisions in Article 1, Section 8 address?

the strength of the federal government

which of the following is a difference between the members of congress and the general population?

they are generally wealthier

What is the role of the National Security Council?

to link the president's foreign and military policy advisers

What functions do whips serve?

to persuade party members to support the party's priorities

What is the Vice-President's only constitutional responsibility?

to serve as president of the senate

As adovocated for by English politician and philosopher Edmund Burke, which concept describes legislators as people who use their best judgment to make policy in the best interest of the people?

trustees

When is lobbying more likely to be successful?

when lobbying against change

When might citizens be particularly concerned about an expansion of presidential power?

when they oppose the president's agenda

Of the following groups, which is most underrepresented in congress?

women