ATI TEAS SCIENCE Practice

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what is the average length of the female urethra?

1 to 1.5 inches

A normal adult bladder has the capacity to hold up to how many mL of urine before involuntary micturition is likely to occur?

600

in human blood types, A and B alleles are codominant and O is recessive. What combination of the mothers and fathers genotypes has the highest probability of producing a child with blood type AB?

AA and BB

what hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Antidiuretic hormone

describes an acquired (adaptive) immune response

B-cells release antibodies targeted a bacterial pathogen

what type of cell specialized antigen-processing cell that activates T-cells of the immune system?

Dendritic cells

what is the site of sperm maturation in the male reproductive system?

Epididymis

what structure prevents food from being aspirated into the lungs?

Epiglottis

what is the role of platelets in homeostasis?

Formation of plugs

what antibody mediates the body response to an allergen?

IgE

what cell type confers waterproofing on the outer layers of skin?

Keratinocytes

the innermost lining of the digestive tract is largely comprised of?

Mucous membrane

in the process of wound healing, what plays a role in clearing a wound of cellular debris?

Neutrophils

what is the order of the protective meningeal layers of the brain from inside to outside?

Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater

peripheral vasodilation results in heat loss through what processes?

Radiation

what anatomical plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions

Transverse

what is the function of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure?

Vasoconstriction

a patient who has a mutation that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is trying a therapy that will use their own stem cells to restore their insulin production. Before their cells can be used for therapy, which of the following should be done?

a normal gene should be supplied in place of the defective one before therapy

pancreatic secretions that aid in digestion of food are produced by what type of cell?

acinar cells

which hormone is released in response to a drop in BP?

aldorsteron

what structure of the respiratory system is the site of gas exchange?

alveoli

what will occur if a person who has blood type A receives type B blood?

antibodies against blood type B will be produced in the recipient's blood plasma

what hormone regulates urine output?

antidiuretic

what hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

antidiuretic hormone

what cardiac valve prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart?

aortic

mammary glands are a modified type of what gland?

aprocrine glands

in which of the following locations do most white blood cells originate?

bone marrow

what hormone is produced but the thyroid gland and is active in calcium metabolism?

calcitonin

what hormone is produced by the thyroid gland and is active in calcium metabolism?

calcitonin

what electrolyte plays an essential role in the clotting of blood?

calcium

what chemical is a mineral the provides mechanical strength and is found in teeth and bones?

calcium hydroxyapatite

what does the respiratory system eliminate when there is an excess of hydrogen ions in the body?

carbon dioxide

What is part of the large intestine?

cecum, colon, rectum, anus

what is a wax-like substance secreted by glands in the external ear canal?

cerumen

what is a structure of the inner ear?

cochlea

what is associated with the dermal layer of the skin?

collagen formation

what mediates the body response to stress

cortisol

what mediates the boys response to stress?

cortisol

which part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct?

distal convoluted tubule

what connects the ovaries to the uterus

fallopian tubes

bile aids in the digestion of?

fat

what fetal tissue contributes to the formation of the placenta

fetal chorionic tissue

What occurs as a result of the release of anti-diuretic hormone?

fluid volume in the body increases

what occurs as a result of the release of antidiuretic hormone?

fluid volume in the body increases

What pituitary hormone stimulates the process of gametogenesis?

follicle stimulating hormone

what is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood?

hematocrit

which of the following is the iron-containing component of a red blood cell? - Fibrinogen - Albumin - Hemoglobin - Erythropoietin

hemoglobin

what describes the action of histamine as a response to a bee sting?

histamine dilates blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the area

Blood pH is measured by the gain and loss of?

hydrogen ions

an irregular bone of the throat that aids in tongue movement and swallowing?

hyoid

adipose tissue is stored in the?

hypodermis

what is part of the brain is responsible for the regulation of body temperature?

hypothalamus

what structure of the gastrointestinal system absorbs iron and bile salts?

ileum

what is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

increased cardiac output

what is the function of spleen in a healthy adult human

it degrades aged red blood cells

After passing through the glottis, inspired air then travels through what structures?

larynx

what tissues connects bones to joints?

ligaments

what is a function of the liver?

lipid metabolism

what cells rid the body of dust and other particles that enter the lungs?

macrophages

what type of cell is primarily responsible for the destruction of old cells and invasive micro-organisms?

macrophages

the release of histamine is associated with what cells?

mast cells

what bone is the large fused bone of the upper jaw that contains teeth

maxilla

what part of the CNS is responsible for the control of involuntary respirations?

medulla oblongata

what part of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?

medulla oblongata

what is associated with wound healing by primary intention?

minimal scar tissue

what best describes the arrangement and motion of molecules in a liquid?

molecules are packed closely with no regular pattern and vibrate with constant rapid motion

breast feeding of an infant provides what type of immunity?

natural passive

what structure filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid?

nodes

what hormone is involved in the process of labor and childbirth?

oxytocin

calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by what gland?

parathyroid

damage to which of the following sites will most likely result in the stunted growth of a prepubescent child?

physis

testosterone production is regulated by what gland?

pituitary

an occurrence of too high of a concentration, what electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmias?

potassium

what is the function of the surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs?

prevention of alveoli collapse

blood cells are produced by?

red bone marrow

what is improved when repeated trials of an experiment have consistent results?

reliability

what hormones or enzymes is involved in fluid balance and is produced by the kidneys?

renin

what organelle store calcium ions in skeletal muscle

sarcoplasmic reticulum

best statement that best explains why RNA inside a cell is almost never found as a single-stranded molecule

short stretches of complementary sequences can cause RNA to fold back on itself

what structure is located between the descending colon and the rectum?

sigmoid colon

In a normally functioning cardiovascular system, where does the heartbeat originate?

sinoatrial node

what type of muscle is under voluntary control?

skeletal

where are nutrients absorbed when transported into the bloodstream?

small intestine

What ions is most abundant in extracellular fluid?

sodium

what is the effect of aldosterone secretion on electrolyte levels?

sodium levels are increased

what is a result of the process of meiosis?

sperm and ova are produced

a circular muscle that regulates the opening and closing of a body aperture?

sphincter

the correct order of events in a signaling pathway in a feedback loop used to maintain homeostasis?

stimulus -> receptor -> integration -> effector -> response

what substance is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens?

stomach acid

what is a function of the gallbladder

storage of bile

production of BLANK is a function of the prostate gland?

substance to enhance sperm motility

what blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart?

superior and inferior vena cava

What bone is a component of the appendicular skeleton?

symphysis pubis

what collagen-rich material that connects muscle to bone?

tendon

what tissues attaches muscles to bone?

tendon

describe the event of ovulation

the Graafian follicle releases an ovum

[(H^+) + (HCO3^-) <-> (H2O) + (CO2)] Based on this equation occurring in blood, what would result if the reaction is moving in a forward direction

the blood will become more basic

which of the following causes lactic acid to build up in muscle cells?

the lack of oxygen leading to increased fermentation

the sliding filament theory proposes that ________ occurs during the contraction phase of muscle?

the sarcomeres shorten

What occurs at the beginning of systole in a healthy heart?

the ventricles contract

which hormone requires iodine for its production

thyroid hormones

if an investigation is designed to find the rate of respiration, which of the following must be measured as the independent variable? a. time b. mass c. volume d. density

time

function of the ureters?

to conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder

plants return water from their leaves to the atmosphere as water vapor. what is the name of the process?

transpiration

what structure comes after the ascending colon?

transverse colon

Straightening the elbow by lowering hand effects which of the following muscles?

triceps brachii

what valves prevent the back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart?

tricuspid

what happens when a skeletal muscle is in a relaxed state?

tropomyosin covers myosin-binding sites?

what structure is located at the end of the ear canal, vibrates when sound waves strike it?

tympanic membrane

an individual of what blood type can receive only blood of that same type?

type O

what is a hyper secretion of thyroid hormones?

weight loss


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