ATI TEAS SCIENCE Practice
what is the average length of the female urethra?
1 to 1.5 inches
A normal adult bladder has the capacity to hold up to how many mL of urine before involuntary micturition is likely to occur?
600
in human blood types, A and B alleles are codominant and O is recessive. What combination of the mothers and fathers genotypes has the highest probability of producing a child with blood type AB?
AA and BB
what hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
Antidiuretic hormone
describes an acquired (adaptive) immune response
B-cells release antibodies targeted a bacterial pathogen
what type of cell specialized antigen-processing cell that activates T-cells of the immune system?
Dendritic cells
what is the site of sperm maturation in the male reproductive system?
Epididymis
what structure prevents food from being aspirated into the lungs?
Epiglottis
what is the role of platelets in homeostasis?
Formation of plugs
what antibody mediates the body response to an allergen?
IgE
what cell type confers waterproofing on the outer layers of skin?
Keratinocytes
the innermost lining of the digestive tract is largely comprised of?
Mucous membrane
in the process of wound healing, what plays a role in clearing a wound of cellular debris?
Neutrophils
what is the order of the protective meningeal layers of the brain from inside to outside?
Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater
peripheral vasodilation results in heat loss through what processes?
Radiation
what anatomical plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Transverse
what is the function of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure?
Vasoconstriction
a patient who has a mutation that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is trying a therapy that will use their own stem cells to restore their insulin production. Before their cells can be used for therapy, which of the following should be done?
a normal gene should be supplied in place of the defective one before therapy
pancreatic secretions that aid in digestion of food are produced by what type of cell?
acinar cells
which hormone is released in response to a drop in BP?
aldorsteron
what structure of the respiratory system is the site of gas exchange?
alveoli
what will occur if a person who has blood type A receives type B blood?
antibodies against blood type B will be produced in the recipient's blood plasma
what hormone regulates urine output?
antidiuretic
what hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
antidiuretic hormone
what cardiac valve prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart?
aortic
mammary glands are a modified type of what gland?
aprocrine glands
in which of the following locations do most white blood cells originate?
bone marrow
what hormone is produced but the thyroid gland and is active in calcium metabolism?
calcitonin
what hormone is produced by the thyroid gland and is active in calcium metabolism?
calcitonin
what electrolyte plays an essential role in the clotting of blood?
calcium
what chemical is a mineral the provides mechanical strength and is found in teeth and bones?
calcium hydroxyapatite
what does the respiratory system eliminate when there is an excess of hydrogen ions in the body?
carbon dioxide
What is part of the large intestine?
cecum, colon, rectum, anus
what is a wax-like substance secreted by glands in the external ear canal?
cerumen
what is a structure of the inner ear?
cochlea
what is associated with the dermal layer of the skin?
collagen formation
what mediates the body response to stress
cortisol
what mediates the boys response to stress?
cortisol
which part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct?
distal convoluted tubule
what connects the ovaries to the uterus
fallopian tubes
bile aids in the digestion of?
fat
what fetal tissue contributes to the formation of the placenta
fetal chorionic tissue
What occurs as a result of the release of anti-diuretic hormone?
fluid volume in the body increases
what occurs as a result of the release of antidiuretic hormone?
fluid volume in the body increases
What pituitary hormone stimulates the process of gametogenesis?
follicle stimulating hormone
what is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood?
hematocrit
which of the following is the iron-containing component of a red blood cell? - Fibrinogen - Albumin - Hemoglobin - Erythropoietin
hemoglobin
what describes the action of histamine as a response to a bee sting?
histamine dilates blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the area
Blood pH is measured by the gain and loss of?
hydrogen ions
an irregular bone of the throat that aids in tongue movement and swallowing?
hyoid
adipose tissue is stored in the?
hypodermis
what is part of the brain is responsible for the regulation of body temperature?
hypothalamus
what structure of the gastrointestinal system absorbs iron and bile salts?
ileum
what is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?
increased cardiac output
what is the function of spleen in a healthy adult human
it degrades aged red blood cells
After passing through the glottis, inspired air then travels through what structures?
larynx
what tissues connects bones to joints?
ligaments
what is a function of the liver?
lipid metabolism
what cells rid the body of dust and other particles that enter the lungs?
macrophages
what type of cell is primarily responsible for the destruction of old cells and invasive micro-organisms?
macrophages
the release of histamine is associated with what cells?
mast cells
what bone is the large fused bone of the upper jaw that contains teeth
maxilla
what part of the CNS is responsible for the control of involuntary respirations?
medulla oblongata
what part of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?
medulla oblongata
what is associated with wound healing by primary intention?
minimal scar tissue
what best describes the arrangement and motion of molecules in a liquid?
molecules are packed closely with no regular pattern and vibrate with constant rapid motion
breast feeding of an infant provides what type of immunity?
natural passive
what structure filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid?
nodes
what hormone is involved in the process of labor and childbirth?
oxytocin
calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by what gland?
parathyroid
damage to which of the following sites will most likely result in the stunted growth of a prepubescent child?
physis
testosterone production is regulated by what gland?
pituitary
an occurrence of too high of a concentration, what electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmias?
potassium
what is the function of the surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs?
prevention of alveoli collapse
blood cells are produced by?
red bone marrow
what is improved when repeated trials of an experiment have consistent results?
reliability
what hormones or enzymes is involved in fluid balance and is produced by the kidneys?
renin
what organelle store calcium ions in skeletal muscle
sarcoplasmic reticulum
best statement that best explains why RNA inside a cell is almost never found as a single-stranded molecule
short stretches of complementary sequences can cause RNA to fold back on itself
what structure is located between the descending colon and the rectum?
sigmoid colon
In a normally functioning cardiovascular system, where does the heartbeat originate?
sinoatrial node
what type of muscle is under voluntary control?
skeletal
where are nutrients absorbed when transported into the bloodstream?
small intestine
What ions is most abundant in extracellular fluid?
sodium
what is the effect of aldosterone secretion on electrolyte levels?
sodium levels are increased
what is a result of the process of meiosis?
sperm and ova are produced
a circular muscle that regulates the opening and closing of a body aperture?
sphincter
the correct order of events in a signaling pathway in a feedback loop used to maintain homeostasis?
stimulus -> receptor -> integration -> effector -> response
what substance is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens?
stomach acid
what is a function of the gallbladder
storage of bile
production of BLANK is a function of the prostate gland?
substance to enhance sperm motility
what blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart?
superior and inferior vena cava
What bone is a component of the appendicular skeleton?
symphysis pubis
what collagen-rich material that connects muscle to bone?
tendon
what tissues attaches muscles to bone?
tendon
describe the event of ovulation
the Graafian follicle releases an ovum
[(H^+) + (HCO3^-) <-> (H2O) + (CO2)] Based on this equation occurring in blood, what would result if the reaction is moving in a forward direction
the blood will become more basic
which of the following causes lactic acid to build up in muscle cells?
the lack of oxygen leading to increased fermentation
the sliding filament theory proposes that ________ occurs during the contraction phase of muscle?
the sarcomeres shorten
What occurs at the beginning of systole in a healthy heart?
the ventricles contract
which hormone requires iodine for its production
thyroid hormones
if an investigation is designed to find the rate of respiration, which of the following must be measured as the independent variable? a. time b. mass c. volume d. density
time
function of the ureters?
to conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder
plants return water from their leaves to the atmosphere as water vapor. what is the name of the process?
transpiration
what structure comes after the ascending colon?
transverse colon
Straightening the elbow by lowering hand effects which of the following muscles?
triceps brachii
what valves prevent the back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart?
tricuspid
what happens when a skeletal muscle is in a relaxed state?
tropomyosin covers myosin-binding sites?
what structure is located at the end of the ear canal, vibrates when sound waves strike it?
tympanic membrane
an individual of what blood type can receive only blood of that same type?
type O
what is a hyper secretion of thyroid hormones?
weight loss