AP Gov Unit 3 : Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

In addition to advancing personal liberties, the Fourteenth Amendment has often been used to support social movements as well. If personal liberties were advanced by due process, social movements were advanced by which other clause of the 14th Amend?

"Equal protection"

Martin Luther King, Jr.'s essay Letter from a Birmingham Jail (1993) inspired many to fight for greater equality. Kings personal message in this essay can be distilled down to:

"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."

Which of the following pairs accurately describes state government regulations of firearms (on top of national standards) that the Supreme Court has allowed? pt. 2

-Additional age restrictions for gun purchases -Regulations for unlicensed gun sellers

Why was the 14th Amendment added to the Constitution?

-As part of the three Civil War amendments -To protect the civil liberties and equal protection of newly freed slaves -To reverse the Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision

Which of the following best pairs descriptions of the exclusionary rule?

-Based on the 4th Amendment's protection from unreasonable searches -Incorporated by Mapp v. Ohio (1961) forcing state and local police to follow the 4th Amend

Which of the following would describe how advocates of pro-life (anti-abortion) policies have attempted to model after the civil rights social movement?

-Emphasize that laws be more moral -Use of litigation in courts -With grassroots activism

Which of the following pairs best describes the intent of Dr. King's 1963 "Letter from a Birmingham Jail"?

-Explain why direct action was needed to change policies of de jure segregation -Explain to white supporters that racial injustice could not be eradicated without strong and persistent actions

Which are pairings of provisions intended to prevent actually innocent people from being found guilty in criminal trials?

-Jury decisions must be unanimous -Defendants are presumed innocent

Which pairing describes speech that has no First Amendment protections?

-Obscenity -Copyright and trademark infringements

Which are pairings of proper law enforcement searches under the 4th Amendment?

-Police search based on a signed warrant -Police search a vehicle without a warrant but based on probable cause

Which of the following pairs accurately describes national government regulations of firearms that the Supreme Court has allowed?

-Prohibition of certain types and alterations of firearms -National licensing of gun dealers

Which of the following pairs best describe 5th Amendment protections?

-Protection against double jeopardy -Fair reimbursement for property seized by the government for eminent domain

Which of the following pairs accurately describes state government regulations of firearms (on top of national standards) that the Supreme Court has allowed?

-Required gun permits for buyers of firearms -Mandatory waiting periods before possession of a purchased gun

Which of the following best describe the type of speech reviewed in the Supreme Court case Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)?

-Speech in public school -Symbolic + Political speech

Which of the following pairs best describes plea bargain?

-Speeds the criminal justice system -Defendants waive rights to invoke criminal due process rights

Which of the following pairs best describe 6th Amendment protections?

-Speedy trial -Guarantee of criminal defense counsel

Which of the following pairs best describe the 5th Amendment's protection that an accused criminal shall not "be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself."

-This protects a suspect's right to remain silent -Intended to prevent false confessions that could lead to the criminal conviction of an innocent person

Which of the following pairs best describes the intent of Title IX 1972?

-To open more educational opportunities for girls -To ensure equal funding for girls' athletics

The social movement that advocated for civil rights for black Americans in the 1960s also influenced advocacy for which other policy areas?

-U.S. foreign policy -Equal right for Hispanic Americans and Women -LGBT rights

Which of the following best pairs descriptions of Supreme Court restrictions of capital punishment?

-Unconstitutional to execute someone who committed the crime at under 18 years old -Unconstitutional to execute someone who is mentally disabled.

How did some states respond to the addition of new justices on the Supreme Court after 2017?

-Wrote laws expecting the Supreme Court to allow more state restrictions of abortion -Some wrote state laws with strict limitations on abortion procedures -Some wrote laws to strengthen the legal protection of women to access abortions

Based on the first five words of the First Amendment, the Supreme Court in Barron v. Baltimore (1833) ruled that the Bill of Rights only restricted abuses of power by the:

-central government. -national government. -federal government.

A legal question about a state law legalizing hallucinogenic mushrooms would fall under which amendment?

10th Amendment

It is inferred that the Supreme Court used what part of the Constitution to make states protect privacy rights?

14th Amendment's Due Process Clause

It wasn't until its 2008 decision in District of Columbia v. Heller that the Supreme Court reversed its precedent from U.S. v. Cruikshank (1876) by ruling that individuals have a 2nd Amendment right to bear arms that local government can't violate. In other words, from its decision in Cruikshank to its decision in Heller, the Supreme Court reversed the interpretation of what part of the Constitution?

14th Amendment's Due Process Clause

The Supreme Court's implementation of its Incorporation Doctrine was a result of its interpretation of:

14th Amendment's Due Process Clause

A legal question about a government restriction of a ritualistic chicken sacrifice would fall under which amendment?

1st Amendment

A legal question involving the government restrictions of a white nationalist protest would fall under which amendment?

1st Amendment

A legal question about the police trying to interrogate a suspected criminal would fall under which amendment?

5th Amendment

A legal question about allegedly improper trial procedures would fall under which amendment?

6th Amendment

A legal question about the sentencing of a 17-year-old convicted criminal to life in prison without a chance of parole would fall under which amendment?

8th Amendment

When reviewing capital punishment cases, the Supreme Court typically focuses on interpretations of which amendment?

8th Amendment

Provisions of the U.S. Constitutions Bill of Rights are continually being interpreted to balance the power of government and the civil liberties of individuals. The Court has been involved in a number of landmark cases. Which of the following best define what is meant by a landmark case?

A significant court decision that clarifies (or reverses) an area of legal confusion

In extending privacy protections to protect LGBT rights, the Supreme Court ruled:

A state government can not criminalize sexual conduct between individuals that is private and consensual

What is the name of the civil rights policy that promotes equality in the workplace and in college admissions for some groups that had been discriminated against?

Affirmative action

"Before the pen of Jefferson etched the majestic words of the Declaration of Independence across the pages of history, we were here. For more than two centuries our forebears labored in this country without wages; they made cotton king; they built the homes of their masters while suffering gross injustice and shameful humiliation and yet out of a bottomless vitality they continued to thrive and develop." Which of the following best summarizes the author's perspective from the above quote?

African-Americans were an integral part of the building of the nation but forgotten by America's original "civil rights" movement.

Civil liberty protections in the Bill of Rights can be traced back to which of the following?

All of these -The Declaration of Independence's proclamation that governments must protect inalienable rights -British Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights -The protected rights in state constitutions

Which of the following argued most strongly in suspicion that the central government under the new Constitution needed to be further constrained with a Bill of Rights?

Anti-federalists

In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the Supreme Court invalidated a state law prohibiting women from accessing birth control based on inferred rights in the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 9th amendments. How did the Court describe the inferred privacy rights from these amendments?

As a penumbra

Which of the following best matches the description and outcome of the Supreme Court case Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)?

Background Fact unrelated to the Ruling -A school district punished student's symbolic speech against the US war policies in Vietnam Majority Ruling by SCOTUS -Public school students had free expression right to wear black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War.

Which of the following best matches the description and outcome of the Supreme Court case Schenck v. U.S. (1919)?

Background Fact unrelated to the Ruling -The US government punished the speech of a peace activist advocating for men to avoid the draft in the first World War Majority Ruling by SCOTUS -Speech creating "clear and present danger" is not protected by the First Amendment.

Which of the following best matches the description and outcome of the Supreme Court case New York Times v. U.S. (1971)?

Background Fact unrelated to the Ruling -US government attempted to restrain the publication of classified information by newspapers prior to publication Majority Ruling by SCOTUS -Strengthened 1st Amendment protection of press freedoms by establishing "heavy presumption against prior restraint" even in cases involving national security.

Which of the following is the best matching of accurate descriptions of the Supreme Court's McDonald v. Chicago (2010) case?

Background fact unrelated to the ruling -City government prohibited handgun possession by city residents SCOTUS ruling -2nd Amendment's right to bear arms is applicable to state and local governments

Why are First Amendment free speech rights considered as political rights?

Because democracy can't exist without citizens organizing, complaining, and holding government officials accountable.

Civil rights has been extended in a number of Supreme Court landmark cases. In which case would you read the following opinion: "Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [slow] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system. We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others similarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of the segregation complained of, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment." Which of the following Supreme Court case is this excerpt from?

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

In a unanimous Court opinion Chief Justice Warren wrote: "Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities? We believe that it does. Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the [black] group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of [black] children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racially integrated school system." What was the name of this case?

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

The "separate but equal" precedent from Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned in this landmark civil rights case:

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

In some communities, courts ordered racial integration in communities split by de facto segregation with what method?

Busing of students

Which of the following is a properly matched comparison of civil liberties and civil rights?

Civil Liberties -Protect individuals from government abuse Civil Rights -Protects groups from discrimination by government and private actions

Which of the following best describes Bill of Rights protections?

Civil Liberties as Due Process Rights -Protection from forced interrogations Civil Liberties as Political Rights -Right to assemble

Our form of democratic-republicanism upholds majority rules while putting in place protections for minority rights. When rights are extended to minority groups as a whole it is often referred to as which of these?

Civil rights

Dissenting in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Justice Harlan wrote: "(This document) is color-blind and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. The humblest is the peer of the most powerful. The law regards man as man and takes no account of his surroundings or of his color when his civil rights as guaranteed by the supreme law of the land are involved." Which of the following is the document that matched Justice Harlan's perspective?

Constitution of the United States

In Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992), the Supreme Court said states can enforce policies regulating abortion access unless those policies:

Create an undue burden on women seeking an abortion.

What are 4th, 5th, and 6th amendment rights collectively known as?

Criminal Due Process Rights

Which of the following is a correct match of terms associated with De Jure and De Facto segregation?

De Jure -Segregation by governmental policies De Facto -Segregation by private choices

Which of these is matched properly in terms of civil rights in America?

De Jure segregation : Reduced by the Civil Rights Act of 1964

"Before the pen of Jefferson etched the majestic words of the ______________ across the pages of history, we were here. For more than two centuries our forebears labored in this country without wages; they made cotton king; they built the homes of their masters while suffering gross injustice and shameful humiliation and yet out of a bottomless vitality they continued to thrive and develop." What founding document belongs in the blank?

Declaration of Independence

Which of the following best pairs parts of the legal test SCOTUS created in Lemon v. Kurtzman to determine if government can interact with religion?

Does the government's action have a secular (non-religious) purpose? Does the government action promote or block religion?

Perhaps the most difficult challenge for the U.S. government is how to fulfill this promise from the Declaration of Independence through a Constitution that has allowed this promise to be blocked and diminished in many periods of U.S. history. What is this promise?

Equality

Which of these groups is properly matched to the causes of equality for women and equality for African-Americans and other racial minorities?

Equality for Women -National Organization of Women (NOW) Equality for African-Americans and other racial minorities -National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Which of the following best matches descriptions about Engel v. Vitale (1962)?

Fact of the Case -A state educational board allowed for public school students to publicly recite prayers SCOTUS Ruling -Public school's sponsorship of prayer and religious activities violate 1st Amendment's establishment clause

Which of the following best matches descriptions about Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)?

Fact of the Case -State government tried to require all students to attend public school until 16 with no exceptions for religious groups SCOTUS Ruling -State law forcing Amish students to attend school past 8th grade violates the First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause

Which pairing matches the best description of the Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?

Fact of the case -A state court denied an accused felon the right to an attorney at the criminal trial. SOCTUS Holding -States must guarantee the 6th Amendment right to an attorney in all felony cases for the poor and the indigent accused.

Which pairing matches the best description of the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade (1973)?

Fact of the case -A state government restricted women from getting abortions. SCOTUS Holding -Extended the right to privacy to a woman's decision to have an abortion.

Which pair best matches the description of the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Ed (1954)?

Fact of the case: -A school district required the racial segregation of students in its schools. SCOTUS ruling: -Race-based public school segregation violates the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause.

What is the primary reason that there are such varied policies about gun purchases in different states?

Federalism

What is a primary benefit of police and courts that consistently protect criminal due process rights?

Fewer false imprisonments of actually innocent people

Which of the following best matches the First Amendment's protections of the freedom of religion?

Free Exercise Clause - Right to practice a religious ritual Establishment Clause - Protection from government funding a religious group

Which of the following best matches legal questions about the First Amendment's protections of the freedom of religion?

Free Exercise Clause -Can a government mandate vaccinations against a group's religious beliefs? Establishment Clause -Can the government print "In God We Trust" on currency?

Which of the following best matches legal questions about the First Amendment's protections of the freedom of religion? pt.2

Free Exercise Clause -Can a group perform a religious ritual? Establishment Clause -Can the government give tuition vouchers to students for religious schools?

Which of the following best matches SCOTUS cases about the First Amendment's protections of the freedom of religion?

Free Exercise Clause -Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) Establishment Clause -Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Which of the following is the best matching of accurate descriptions of how the Supreme Court interpreted the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause to make state and local governments follow parts of the Bill of Rights?

Free Speech -Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) Right to bear arms -McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Which of the following is the best matching of accurate descriptions of how the Supreme Court interpreted the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause to make state and local governments follow parts of the Bill of Rights? pt.3

Free exercise of religion -Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) Right to counsel -Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

What type of national and state laws help to ensure governmental transparency?

Freedom of information acts and Open meetings acts

What is one method that local governments can use to balance free speech liberties with the desire to keep communities safe?

Government imposed time, place and manner regulations for controversial public events in which conflicts are likely.

What is the right to access information about the creation and implementation of governmental policies known as?

Governmental transparency

What Supreme Court case validated the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 based on the interstate commerce clause?

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S. (1964)

According to the exclusionary rule:

Improperly seized evidence must be excluded from being used against a defendant at trial

Which of the following is true about the implementation of the Court's ruling in Brown?

In some cases, the federal government had to use force to implement court orders that local white communities defied

How did Jefferson describe political rights in the Declaration of Independence?

Inalienable

In Mapp v. Ohio (1961) the Court extended Fourth Amendment privileges to all citizens in all states so that evidence that is seized unreasonably by state and local police can not be used in trial. What is this legal concept known as?

Incorporation of the Exclusionary Rule

While some liberties and personal privacy might have been sacrificed by more governmental intrusions after the 9/11/2001 terrorist attacks, supporters of these governmental efforts will argue that maintaining these governmental intrusions helps to:

Increase acts of terrorism on U.S. soil.

In addressing symbolic speech cases, the Supreme Court tends to protect political speech that some might find offensive but allows government to punish speech that is intended to:

Intimidate others

Which of the following best pairs parts of the legal questions does SCOTUS ask to determine if government can penalize a religious practice?

Is the law neutral toward religion? Is the policy a "compelling governmental interest"?

Which of these describes the broader significance of the Court's decision in Brown?

It brought new focus on other forms of de jure segregation across the country.

The Court's decision in Plessy allowed local communities to enforce what type of de jure segregation laws?

Jim Crow

Following the Civil War, these laws institutionalized racism, discrimination and racial segregation in the South:

Jim Crow laws

The Supreme Court has also used privacy rights as a way to extend legal protections to

LGBT rights

"Before the pen of Jefferson etched the majestic words of the Declaration of Independence across the pages of history, we were here. For more than two centuries our forebears labored in this country without wages; they made cotton king; they built the homes of their masters while suffering gross injustice and shameful humiliation and yet out of a bottomless vitality they continued to thrive and develop." What document is this quote from?

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

Which essay was written to justify non-violent opposition to the tactics of law enforcement agents who used force to try to protect a racially segregated system?

Letter from a Birmingham Jail (1963)

Which of the following best pairs describes tensions between liberty and order regarding firearms policies?

Liberty -All states allow conceal carry for some type of gun Order -Governments require purchasers from licensed dealers to pass criminal background checks

Which of the following best pairs describes tensions between liberty and order regarding firearms policies? pt.2

Liberty -Cities must allow law-abiding residents to possess hand guns Order -State governments can require permits and waiting periods to possess guns

Which of the following best pairs describes tensions between liberty and order during the governmental response to the 2020 covid-19 pandemic?

Liberty -Governments allowed major protests against police abuse despite regulations against large group gatherings Order -Governments prohibited large religious gatherings to prevent the spread of covid-19

How are social movements examples of pluralist democracy?

Many groups come together to advocate for broad policy changes

Which of the following is what the Supreme Court ordered police to announce prior to interrogating criminal suspects so that suspects in custody were aware of their right to remain silent and their right to an attorney?

Miranda Rules

Civil rights protections have proven to be a dynamic force throughout American history. At times they have been restrictive and at other times more permissive. Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) upheld state laws that prohibited same-sex activities. Which Supreme Court case overturned state laws banning same-sex marriage?

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

The way most criminal accusations end in U.S. courts. Speeds the criminal justice system and allows criminal defendants to receive lesser punishments:

Plea bargains

Public policy promoting civil rights is influenced by citizen-state interactions and constitutional interpretation over time. There have been times when the state coercively acted to prevent full equality. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that racial segregation due to a separate but equal standard was constitutionally protected?

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

The separate but equal precedent was established in this landmark civil rights case:

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Liberties that allow groups to organize in opposition to government policies could also be considered as:

Political rights

Which of the following best matches the description of Supreme Court precedent in Schenck v. U.S. (1919) as compared with more recent precedents in free speech cases?

Precedent in Schenck -Speech creating "clear and present danger" is not protected by the First Amendment Precedent in recent free speech cases -Government can punish speech that leads to "imminent lawless action."

Which of the following best matches the description of Supreme Court precedent in Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) as compared with more recent precedents in free speech cases?

Precedent in Tinker -Free speech of students is protected Precedent in recent school speech cases -School administrators have discretion to punish disruptive speech.

What is a legal term for the government censoring news stories before the stories are published or broadcast?

Prior restraint

In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the Supreme Court invalidated a state law prohibiting women from accessing birth control based on inferred rights in the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 9th amendments. What are the inferred rights from these amendments collectively known as in the Griswold case?

Privacy rights

Laws passed in response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11/2001 reduced privacy by allowing the federal government to do which of these?

Profile suspected terrorists and search for data without judicial warrants.

African-Americans were not the only marginalized groups to win political victories in the wake of the civil rights movement. Title IX of the Education Amendments in 1972 was meant to:

Prohibit any form of discrimination on the basis of gender in educational activities

Which of the following is the best matching of accurate descriptions of how the Supreme Court interpreted the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause to make state and local governments follow parts of the Bill of Rights? pt.2

Protection from establishing religions -Engle v. Vitale (1962) Right to privacy -Roe v. Wade (1973)

Affirmative action programs were put in place to offer some minority groups more chances to overcome past discrimination. Which of the following would be an example of a constitutionally protected affirmative action program?

Race used as one factor in determining promotion in police and fire departments

The First Amendment protects the rights of civil society groups to organize primarily through which protection?

Right to assemble

In which case did the Supreme Court extend the privacy rights established in Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) to women's legal access to abortion procedures?

Roe v. Wade (1972)

What is the case-by-case basis that the Supreme Court used to make state and local governments follow different parts of Bill of Rights?

Selective incorporation doctrine

Mapp v. Ohio (1962) is said to have incorporated the exclusionary for evidence seized in violation of the 4th Amendment. What does this mean?

State and local police are expected to conduct reasonable searches

How did the Supreme Court respond to some state laws that were much more restrictive of women's access to abortion procedures?

Still waiting to see SCOTUS decisions about these laws

A legal question involving a police search of a vehicle during a traffic violation would fall under which amendment?

The 4th Amendment

Which of the following acts of the U.S. Congress outlawed discrimination in public accommodations based upon race?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

When reading the details of the Supreme Court decision that allowed states to suppress residents' 2nd Amendment right to bear arms in the 1876 case U.S. v. Cruikshank, it is inferred that:

The Court did not want to protect the rights of black citizens to access guns.

How did the Supreme Court's decision about libel standards the case New York Times, Co. v. Sullivan (1964) help protect the right to free press?

The Court made it relatively difficult for elected officials to win defamation lawsuits against media outlets

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. These words would be found in the:

The Eighth Amendment

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. These words would be found in the:

The First Amendment

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. These words would be found in the

The Fourth Amendment

Privacy rights would appear to be one of our basic freedoms. In our lifetime our privacy rights have been restricted due to fear of further terrorist attacks. Congress formally restricted our individual privacy rights through the passage of which of these?

The Patriot and USA Freedom Acts

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. These words would be found in the:

The Second Amendment

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. These words would be found in the:

The Sixth Amendment

In the Bill of Rights you would find the following language: The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. These words would be found in the

The Tenth Amendment

When the courts take a preferred position in cases involving restrictions of political speech, this means:

The court approaches the case biased in favor of allowing the speech.

In the 1950s, the civil rights movement found its most significant success in which of these governmental institutions?

The courts

How have courts in the United States been instructed to treat improperly seized evidence?

The evidence must be excluded from being used in the criminal trial

After Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) allowed "separate but equal" facilities, state and local governments maintained Jim Crow laws to relegate African-Americans as second-class citizens. In which political arena did African-Americans first use to gain some civil rights successes to combat against legalized (de jure) racial segregation?

The federal judicial branch

Civil liberties protect individual freedoms from government abuse. Which of the following would be an example of a protected civil liberty?

The rights of political groups to organize

What law invalidated school policies dictating that girls took Home Economics and Typing classes while boys took Shop Class and PE instead?

Title IX (1972)

Which of the following is the best matching of accurate descriptions of the Supreme Court's interpretations of the 14th Amendment's Due Process clause?

U.S. v. Cruikshank (1876) -Neither the Bill of Rights nor the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause applied to state governments Gitlow v. New York (1925) -State governments must protect parts of the Bill of Rights because of the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause

The Court's decision in Shelby v. Holder (2015) weakened the federal government's power to control state voting laws because of a the Court's new interpretation of:

Voting Rights Act (1965)

After the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, civil rights activists took direct action calling for enforcement of the 15th Amendment guarantee of suffrage rights with the passage of the:

Voting Rights Act of 1965

According to the castle doctrine, "a man's house is his castle [and each man's house is his safest refuge.} Based on this quote, which of the following best describes the castle doctrine?

Your home gets the most legal protection from unreasonable searches by law enforcement.

Some civil rights advocates would argue that equality is be measured by opportunities while equity is be measured by:

results

The Bill of Rights were added to our U.S. Constitution:

to protect individual liberties from governmental abuses.