AP Government Review (Exam) Unit 1
Enumerated powers of Congress, including the necessary and proper clause
Article I, Section 8
Powers denied Congress; no regulating slave trade before 1808; states to be treated uniformly
Article I, Section 9
Full faith and credit; privileges and immunities; extradition
Article IV
Supremacy of the national government
Article VI
the states created the national government and thus could judge whether federal authorities had broken the contract by overstepping their limited authority
Compact theory
John Adams
Federalist
Washington
Federalist
Powers that the constitution delegates to the federal government and job descriptions of president and courts
Delegated Powers/ Expressed Powers
Thomas Jefferson
Democratic- Republican
The continued effort to return original reserved powers to the states
Devolution
The supremacy of the national and state governments in their own spheres, a doctrine common from the Civil War until the New Deal
Dual Federalism
the national government is supreme in its sphere, and the states are equally supreme in their own sphere
Dual federalism
The pattern of taxing, spending, and providing federal grants to state and local governments
Fiscal Federalism
States must regard and honor the laws of other states
Full faith and credit clause
federal funds given to states that meat certain qualifications
Grants-in-aid
Which of the following scenarios would be considered an unconstitutional use of state power?
A state places a tax on furniture made overseas.
Powers denied to the states, such as treaties; impairing contracts
Article I, Section 10
Law Enforcement
Concurrent
James Madison
Democratic- Republican
Health
States
One of the issues that caused the first political parties to clash with each other was over
banking
In determining congressional representation and taxation, the Constitution
counted slaves as three-fifths of a person.
The reserved powers of the state government can best be described as those powers
not specifically granted to the national government, or denied to the states.
The Supreme Court issued a ruling that was unpopular with a majority of Americans. The president and Congress might be able to lessen the impact of the decision by
refusing to actively enforce the decision
The legislative process at the national level of government reflects the intent of the framers of the Constitution to create a legislature that would be
slow and deliberate in the law-making process
specific requirements attached to grants
strings
The constitutional basis of dual federalism can be found in
the Tenth Amendment
The Whiskey Rebellion occurred because
whiskey distillers refused to pay the required federal tax
empowered the federal government to jail any dissenters against the government's cause, or deport foreigners who posed any threat to the United States
Alien and Sedition Acts
grants that offer larger sums of money to the states to take care of some large, overarching purpose, without conditions or specific requirements
Block grants
grants with particular congressional guidelines or requirements
Categorical grants
Which of the following actions was not impacted by the Commerce Clause?
Child Labor Act - forbid the use of child labor in manufacturing
Taxing
Concurrent
Powers shared between the national and state governments
Concurrent Powers
The intermingled relationships among the national, state, and local governments to deliver services to citizens
Cooperative Federalism
"All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and the wellborn, the other the mass of the people. . . . The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. Give therefore to the first class a distinct, permanent share in the government. They will check the unsteadiness of the second, and as they cannot receive any advantage by a change, they therefore will ever maintain good government." --Alexander Hamilton, "Speech in the Constitutional Convention on a Plan of Government," 1787 Which of the following models of democracy is the author advocating?
Elite democracy
I go further, and affirm that bills of rights, in the sense and to the extent in which they are contended for, are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution, but would even be dangerous. They would contain various exceptions to powers not granted; and, on this very account, would afford a colorable pretext to claim more than were granted. For why declare that things shall not be done which there is no power to do? Why, for instance, should it be said that the liberty of the press shall not be restrained, when no power is given by which restrictions may be imposed? I will not contend that such a provision would confer a regulating power; but it is evident that it would furnish, to men disposed to usurp, a plausible pretense for claiming that power. -- Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist 84 Which of the following constitutional provisions limits the power of the national government in Hamilton's argument?
Enumerated powers in Article I
States deliver captured criminals back to where they committed the crime
Extradition Clause
Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's argument in Federalist #10. What does he suggest is the best remedy this problem?
Factions are inevitable, yet a natural product of a free society that need to be limited.
Coin Money
Federal
Declare war
Federal
Military
Federal
Regulate Trade
Federal
created by the 16th amendment
Federal Income tax
Which of the following combinations shows the correct election results for the presidency and vice-presidency following Washington's administration?
John Adams - President Thomas Jefferson - Vice President
I go further, and affirm that bills of rights, in the sense and to the extent in which they are contended for, are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution, but would even be dangerous. They would contain various exceptions to powers not granted; and, on this very account, would afford a colorable pretext to claim more than were granted. For why declare that things shall not be done which there is no power to do? Why, for instance, should it be said that the liberty of the press shall not be restrained, when no power is given by which restrictions may be imposed? I will not contend that such a provision would confer a regulating power; but it is evident that it would furnish, to men disposed to usurp, a plausible pretense for claiming that power. -- Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist 84 Which of the following statements best summarizes Hamilton's argument?
Listing rights will lead some to assume that government may regulate those rights.
require states to comply with a federal directive, sometimes with the reward of funds, and sometimes without
Mandates
In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court uphold the "necessary and proper" clause?
McCulloch v. Maryland
A return to more distinct line of responsibility for federal and state governments, begun by President Ronald Reagan
New Federalism
Which constitutional plan called for a one-house legislature with equal representation for each state?
New Jersey Plan
Rights not listed reserved by the people
Ninth Amendment
to declare a federal law void if a state thought the law violated the Constitution
Nullification
Powers to create and enforce laws on health, safety, and morals
Police Powers
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government." -Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence- Which of the following ideas does the author of the passage advocate?
Popular sovereignty
Citizens of each state are entitled to privileges and immunities of citizens in other states
Privileges and Immunities Clause
Which of the following may the president do to limit the Supreme Court's power?
Refuse to enforce a ruling by the Court
Any powers not mentioned within the constitution that are given to the states
Reserved Powers
A policy under fiscal federalism that requires both national and local funds for programs
Revenue Sharing
only Congress may regulate when the commodity requires a national uniform rule of commerce
Selective exclusiveness
Marriage
States
Schools
States
the nation's governing document should be interpreted literally
Strict constructionist
National law above state authority
Supremacy Clause
Powers not delegated to the federal government reserved by the states
Tenth Amendment
Which of the following statements would the author of Brutus 1 most likely agree with?
The United States is too large for all interests to be adequately represented in a single republican government.
In the 1780s, proponents of the new Constitution cited Shays' Rebellion as an example in support of which of the following criticisms of the national government under the Articles of Confederation?
There was a lack of a national military power to address security concerns.
Concurrent powers have which of the following effects on the United States political system?
They make it possible for the states and the national government to simultaneously exercise influence in the same areas of public policy.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of constitutional provisions? Enhance Federal Power Enhance State Power (A) Necessary and Proper Clause Fourteenth Amendment (B) Commerce Clause Tenth Amendment (C) Supremacy Clause Seventeenth Amendment (D) Fifth Amendment Article V (Enhance federal power first, Enhance state power second)
b
Which of the following is the best example of devolution?
block grants, which allow the provision of federal funds to states for discretionary use in a general area
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of McCulloch v. Maryland and U.S. v. Lopez? McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) United States v. Lopez (1995) (A) Declared an act of Congress unconstitutional Recognized the importance of state sovereignty and local control (B) Decided that Congress had implied powers Ruled that state laws were supreme to national laws (C) Led to an increase in power for the national government Established limits to Congress' power under the commerce clause (D) Decided that a state had the power to tax a national bank Declared the Gun-Free School Zones Act unconstitutional (McCulloch first, Lopez Second)
c
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution? Articles of Confederation The Constitution (A) Protection of individual liberties No protection of specific individual rights (B) Powerful executive branch Federal government supreme over states (C) Unicameral legislature Bicameral legislature (D) Amendment requires unanimity of all states Amendment requires the president's approval ( Articles of Confederation first, Constitution second)
c
Which of the following clauses has been the most frequently contested congressional power, and has been used by Congress to regulate safety, health, and moral legislation?
commerce clause
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Federalist and Anti-Federalist views on government? Federalist Anti-Federalist (A) Favored a weak central government and strong state governments Favored a strong central government and weak state governments (B) Believed the creation of a bill of rights was necessary Believed the creation of a bill of rights was not necessary (C) Favored the legislative branch having more power than the executive Favored increasing the power of the national judiciary over the states (D) Believed a large republic ensured the best protection of individual freedoms Believed only a small republic could best ensure protection of individual freedoms ( Federalist idea first, Anti-federalist idea second)
d
Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress had the power to:
declare war.