Psychology II: Chapter 13: Social Psychology Learning Curve

Amber and Alan have just married. There is a 1 in _____chance that they will ultimately divorce. 3 2 4 5

3

Which is an example of the frustration-aggression principle? A squirrel quickly tries to grab a nut before it falls off the tree but misses and has to run down the tree to the ground to get the nut. A dog sees a cat in the yard and chases after it. A snake hisses when it is stepped on. A cat tries to get food left on the back porch and claws at a dog that is running toward it and barking.

A cat tries to get food left on the back porch and claws at a dog that is running toward it and barking.

essie is attending college in a city far away from home where he does not know anyone. The mere-exposure effect implies that Jessie will be MOST likely to make friends with: Jamal, who lives across campus. Bill, his roommate. Michael, who lives in the same dorm two floors below Jessie. Juan, who lives 10 miles away in an off-campus apartment.

Bill, his roommate.

Based solely on the following information, which man is MOST likely to engage in aggression? Jason, who is very uncertain of himself Bill, who has unreasonably high self-esteem Leroy, who has low self-esteem Sam, who is confident, but not overly confident

Bill, who has unreasonably high self-esteem

According to the cost-benefit theory, which scenario is MOST likely to keep someone in a relationship? Both individuals have invested a great deal into the relationship and believe that they are getting a lot out of the relationship.. Neither partner feels like they are very invested in the relationship. One partner has a very low cost-benefit ratio, while the other one has a very high cost-benefit ratio. The costs outweigh the benefits, and there is reason to believe they can do better.

Both individuals have invested a great deal into the relationship and believe that they are getting a lot out of the relationship..

Based solely on the following information, which person is MOST likely to engage in murder? Karen, a 20-year-old female Hanna, a 30-year-old female Lawrence, a 40-year-old male Casey, an 18-year-old male

Casey, an 18-year-old male

Which statement about aggression and gender is MOST likely to be true according to general statistical evidence? Betty is less likely to act in physically and socially aggressive ways compared with Don. Phil is less likely to act in physically aggressive ways, while Molly is more likely to act in socially aggressive ways. Kate is more likely to act in physically aggressive ways, while Mike is more likely to act in socially aggressive ways. Jason is more likely to act in physically aggressive ways, while Molly is more likely to act in socially aggressive ways.

Jason is more likely to act in physically aggressive ways, while Molly is more likely to act in socially aggressive ways.

Which statement provides an example of reciprocal altruism? Two friends work together on a group assignment so they can get a good grade. Katelynn's mother anonymously donates $1000 to an animal charity. A squirrel lets out an alarm call when it sees a snake in the grass. Judy volunteers to dog sit for a friend in the hope that she will do the same for Judy the next time that Judy goes out of town.

Judy volunteers to dog sit for a friend in the hope that she will do the same for Judy the next time that Judy goes out of town.

According to the text, which individual is likely to be LESS selective? Diane, who never makes the first move to meet someone Victor, who is looking for a long-term mate Peter, who never makes the first move to meet someone Kathy, who always makes the first move to meet someone

Kathy, who always makes the first move to meet someone

Based on the negative affect theory, which individual is MOST likely to become aggressive? Hector, who just ate at his favorite restaurant with his friends Kyla, who waited four hours at the Department of Motor Vehicles only to find out she was missing necessary documents. Jamie, who just found out she is going to be a grandmother Jake, who just got the job he has always wanted

Kyla, who waited four hours at the Department of Motor Vehicles only to find out she was missing necessary documents.

Karen and Matt have been in a relationship for many years. Which statement may BEST explain why they have been in a relationship for so long? One of them believes they are getting more out of the relationship than the other. Neither has invested much into the relationship. Neither has found anyone who may provide the prospect of a better relationship. The costs outweigh the benefits and there is reason to believe they can do better.

Neither has found anyone who may provide the prospect of a better relationship.

Based on the cost-benefit theory, which circumstance is MOST likely to break up a relationship? The benefits outweigh the costs and there is no reason to believe anyone can do better. Both partners have very low cost-benefit ratios. The amount of stress for both partners has increased. Neither partner feels like they are very invested in the relationship.

Neither partner feels like they are very invested in the relationship.

Which statement is NOT true with respect to interpersonal attraction? People tend to be attracted to individuals they see often. People are more likely to be attracted to those they see as similar. Physical attractiveness is an important factor promoting attraction. Opposites tend to attract.

Opposites tend to attract.

Based on the negative affect theory, which person is MOST likely to become aggressive? Stacy, who feels happy Ginger, who is excited Pat, who is upset Brian, who feels content

Pat, who is upset

Which behaviors have been linked to watching violent television and movies, and playing violent video games? People become more aggressive and less cooperative. People become more aggressive and more cooperative. People become less aggressive and more cooperative. People become less aggressive and less cooperative

People become more aggressive and less cooperative.

Peter constantly plays violent video games and watches violent television shows. Which statement is MOST likely true about Peter's behavior? Peter will become less aggressive and less cooperative after doing these things. Peter will become more aggressive and less cooperative after doing these things. Peter will become more aggressive and more cooperative after doing these things. Peter will become less aggressive and more cooperative after doing these things.

Peter will become more aggressive and less cooperative after doing these things.

Humans, unlike other animals, help strangers who have no chance of repaying them. This may mean that _____does exist.

altruism

When people create reasons for why people behave as they do, they are creating _____.

attributions

In a study cited in the text on unconscious stereotyping, U.S. adults found it easier to associate: white faces with positive stimuli and Asian faces with negative stimuli. black faces with negative stimuli and Latino faces with positive stimuli. black faces with negative stimuli and white faces with positive stimuli. black faces with positive stimuli and white faces with negative stimuli.

black faces with negative stimuli and white faces with positive stimuli.

Lara has been telling her new date how much she loves watching football, and then her date mentions that he has season tickets for the local team. Lara will MOST likely experience _____if she lied to impress her date and does not really like football at all. cognitive dissonance confirmation bias inconsistency bias foot-in-mouth syndrome

cognitive dissonance

Kurt is unsure if he likes Evan. However, then Kurt begins to develop care and concern for Evan and becomes very fond of him as time passes. Kurt has developed _____love.

companionate

When Tom's parents asked him whether he would jump off a bridge because all of his friends are doing it, they were referring to Tom's susceptibility to: normative influence. conformity. obedience. the norm of reciprocity.

conformity.

The _____model uses three kinds of information: consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus.

covariation

Throughout the course of a relationship, as passionate love _____, companionate love tends to _____. declines; increase increases; increase declines; decline increases; decline

declines; increase

Anita is looking for a mate. According to the text, she is MOST likely to be attracted to men with _____-shaped bodies. inverted triangle hourglass brick doughnut

inverted triangle

According to the evolutionary psychology perspective, male faces are MOST attractive when they look: like they are not composites. youthful. mature. asymmetrical.

mature.

Persuasion is BEST defined as a: process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason. situation when a person's attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person. technique that involves asking for a small request followed by a larger request. process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habits or emotions.

situation when a person's attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person.

People tend to make dispositional attributions for other people's actions even when they are caused by: other people's behaviors. the information they were given. situational factors. the person's nature.

situational factors.

Jen is researching the causes and consequences of how people exchange goods and services using the Internet. Her research is in the field of _____psychology.

social

Karim makes a large request first, followed by a smaller request. This exemplifies: the foot-in-the-door technique. the door-in-the-face technique. normative influence. reciprocity.

the door-in-the-face technique.

Laura believes that all children should have the right to choose if they would like to continue their education, regardless of their standardized test scores. Which individual would she be MOST likely to date? Cody, who believes that children should be forced to go on to higher education Randy, who believes that children should have to take several standardized tests to determine if they can continue school Greg, who believes that standardized tests are a bogus measure of children's abilities, and who feels continuing education should be based on motivation Pat, who believes that college is a waste of money

Greg, who believes that standardized tests are a bogus measure of children's abilities, and who feels continuing education should be based on motivation

Based on the textbook's discussion, Emily MOST liable to like: . Kevin, whom she sees once a week as a client. Henry, her co-worker, who she sees at least three times a day. Bret, whom she sees every once in a while when her neighbors throw a party. Paul, whom she sees once a month during their work meetings.

Henry, her co-worker, who she sees at least three times a day.

Ashley was told the story of her grandmother's marriage, which took place in 1942. According to the text, which reason is the MOST likely one that Ashley's grandmother got married? Her grandmother was "in love." Her grandmother's parents owed the local butcher more money than they could pay. It was time for her grandmother to have children. Her grandmother's parents did not have room for her any more.

Her grandmother was "in love."

How is testosterone related to aggression?

It makes people feel powerful and overconfident

Julie is at an engineering competition where teams from different schools are designated by different colored shirts with their school name printed on the front. Julie observes one competition in which an individual from UCLA comes in first place and an individual from USC comes in last place. Which assumption is Julie MOST likely to make, assuming she has no previous exposure or knowledge about these two schools? Julie will think there's range of intelligence at both UCLA and USC. Julie will not think the results from the competition reflect upon other students from the school at all. Julie will think all UCLA students are very smart but that USC students are not nearly as intelligent. Julie probably thinks the victory was just lucky and that there is no difference between UCLA and USC.

Julie will think all UCLA students are very smart but that USC students are not nearly as intelligent.

Nikki grew up in a culture in which women were told that they have a right to have sex with whomever they would like, and they should not be punished for engaging in sexual intercourse with multiple partners. Which statement is MOST likely true about Nikki's sexual behavior compared with that of women from other cultures? Nikki is equally likely to engage in sex because she faces reputational costs. Nikki is not at all likely to engage in sex because her reputation is at stake. Nikki is less likely to engage in sex because of these cultural factors. Nikki is more likely to engage in sex because of these cultural factors.

Nikki is more likely to engage in sex because of these cultural factors.

Ralph is a European American male who has earned a high school diploma and attends a Catholic church. According to statistics, Ralph would MOST likely date: Carolina, a Hispanic female who has her high school diploma and is an atheist. Pam, an African American female who has her master's degree and is an evangelical Christian. Sara, a European American female who has her high school diploma and does not attend church. Olivia, an Asian female who has her bachelor's degree and is Hindu.

Sara, a European American female who has her high school diploma and does not attend church.

Dr. Scholz is reading an article describing research in which investigators examined the consequences of other people's presence on participants' ability to perform a variety of tasks. Dr. Scholz is MOST likely reading the Journal of Research in _____Psychology. Cognitive Developmental Social Educational

Social

Based on Stanley Milgram's research on obedience, the presence of an authority figure should have which effect on a person's compliance? An authority figure should lead to decreased compliance. It depends on the authority figure. An authority figure should have no effect on compliance. The presence of an authority figure should increase compliance.

The presence of an authority figure should increase compliance.

Which statement is the BEST example of a stereotype? Meryl Streep is a movie actor. Tina is blond and therefore must have a lot of fun. Frank likes to carve wood figures out of oak. Carly belongs to the People for the Ethical treatment of Animals.

Tina is blond and therefore must have a lot of fun.

In general, which individual should have the BEST social skills? Carrie, who was rated a 7 out of 10 on an attractiveness scale by her peers Tomas, who was rated a 9 out of 10 on an attractiveness scale by his peers Amber, who has been rated a 3 out of 10 on an attractiveness scale by her peers Ben, who was rated a 5 out of 10 on an attractiveness scale by his peers

Tomas, who was rated a 9 out of 10 on an attractiveness scale by his peers

Alana just moved to a new apartment building. In general, she is MOST likely to have a romantic relationship with: Matt, who lives in the next building over. Tony, who is her next-door neighbor. Peter, who lives across town. Derrick, who lives down the block.

Tony, who is her next-door neighbor

Which individual is likely to be LESS selective? Victor, who is looking for a short-term mate Diane, who never makes the first move to meet someone Kathy, who grew up in a culture where women are punished for sexual activity with multiple partners Peter, who never makes the first move to meet someone

Victor, who is looking for a short-term mate

Women are sometimes stereotyped as being bad at mathematics; Asians are stereotyped as being good at mathematics. When Yoon-Sook, an Asian female, is asked to report her ethnicity on her math exam: she will do worse than if she were asked to report her gender. it will make no difference. Yoon-Sook's performance will be boosted. Yoon-sook will tend to perform poorly.

Yoon-Sook's performance will be boosted.

Based solely on the following information, which person is MOST likely to engage in murder? a 20-year-old female with low baseline testosterone a 20-year-old male with high baseline testosterone a 25-year-old female with high baseline testosterone a 25-year-old male with low baseline testosterone

a 20-year-old male with high baseline testosterone

Candy knows that she should always bring a gift when she goes to someone's house because she watched her parents bring gifts when visiting other people's houses. Candy learned this behavior because of the psychological phenomenon called: the tendency to mimic the actions of others simply because others are doing it. customary standards for behavior that are widely shared by members of a culture. a phenomenon that occurs when another person's behavior provides information about what is appropriate. the unwritten rule that people should help those who have helped them.

a phenomenon that occurs when another person's behavior provides information about what is appropriate.

According to the text, who should be the MOST effective at using systematic persuasion in a debate about illegal immigration? a media pundit a professor of immigration law an illegal immigrant a legal immigrant

a professor of immigration law

Jeannie has ADHD, and her teacher believes that all children with ADHD misbehave in the classroom. Jeannie never used to misbehave, but now her parents get a weekly phone call from the principal about Jeannie's bad behavior at school. Jeannie's teacher may be creating _____ for Jeannie.

a self-fulfilling prophecy

Jeannie has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and her teacher believes that all children with ADHD misbehave in the classroom. Jeannie has never misbehaved in the classroom before, but now her parents get a weekly phone call from the principal about Jeannie's bad behavior at school. Jeannie's teacher may be creating _____for Jeannie. a self-fulfilling prophecy deindividuation an actor-observer effect cognitive dissonance

a self-fulfilling prophecy

Women are stereotyped as being bad at mathematics. Jennifer is asked to report her gender on her math exam. She proceeds to perform poorly on the test even though she has an "A" in the class. This is an example of: . an actor-observer effect. cognitive dissonance. deindividuation. a self-fulfilling prophecy.

a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Maude is making _____ when she receives a low grade on a test and, rather than admitting that she didn't study as much as she should have, says it is because the teacher didn't prepare her and also because she was having a bad day.

a situational attribution

Beth's friend works at a famous fast food restaurant. He told her that the hamburgers they use are a mix of many different types of meat. Although Beth trusts her friend, she does not want to believe him until she finds information to support his claim. Beth's hesitance in accepting the information her friend provided is BEST explained by the: hedonic motive. approval motive. accuracy motive. preference for equity.

accuracy motive.

Bernie speeds his car across a railway crossing just ahead of an approaching train. He explains his behavior to his passenger by saying that they are already late for a meeting and that traffic is likely to be heavy near their destination. Several days later, Bernie observes another driver race across the tracks as a train approaches. "What a reckless person!" Bernie exclaims. Bernie is demonstrating the: actor-observer effect. correspondence problem. fundamental attribution error. covariation model.

actor-observer effect.

Saia is in a crowded room, when people suddenly begin screaming and running for the exits with a look of terror on their faces. According to the informational influence phenomenon, Saia MOST likely will: run for an exit, too, because conformity is the best way to guide one's behavior. stay put, because the "mob mentality" of groups is often wrong. run the opposite way because panicking groups are often wrong. also run for an exit because they probably know something about the need to exit that he does not know.

also run for an exit because they probably know something about the need to exit that he does not know

Wendy is waiting in line at the grocery store and notices that the person behind her only has a few items. She allows that person to go in front of her. Her behavior is genuinely unselfish, and Wendy does not expect others to return the favor for her someday. This example describes _____.

altruism

Stacy is with a group of friends who are all drinking alcohol. They offer her some, and even though she does not drink, Stacy desperately wants to fit in with her friends, so she decides to have a few drinks. Stacy's decision to drink was a result of the: . approval motive. hedonic motive. norm of reciprocity. accuracy motive.

approval motive.

The frustration-aggression hypothesis proposes that people behave aggressively when they: want to establish respect. experience negative affect. feel a situation is unfair. are hindered from achieving their goals.

are hindered from achieving their goals.

Liesl would really like her friend to come with her to a party but Liesl knows she is very unlikely to go. Liesl decides to use the foot-in-the-door technique by: asking her friend to go to dinner with her and, once she agrees, asking her if she will stop by the party. asking her straight out to go to the party. asking her friend to go to Las Vegas with her, and when she says no, asking if she wants to go to the party. telling her that there is a really cute man at the party who wants to meet her.

asking her friend to go to dinner with her and, once she agrees, asking her if she will stop by the party

Terry goes to a college fair and sees that the colleges are categorized by 2-year degrees and 4-year degrees. Based on these category labels, Terry is MOST likely to: think the 2-year colleges are much different from each other but assume they are similar to the 4-year colleges. assume no differences between the group of 2-year degree colleges and the group of 4-year degree colleges. assume that 2-year schools and 4-year schools are similar to other schools in their category but assume no similarities between the categories. think the categories can provide no information regarding school similarities.

assume that 2-year schools and 4-year schools are similar to other schools in their category but assume no similarities between the categories

Miles believes that politics and politicians are boring. The process of subtyping suggests that in his political science class, Miles will MOST likely: abandon his belief when he finds his next lecture interesting. attribute anything interesting to the professor who teaches the class or the subtopic under discussion. make his political science course more boring than it really is. only notice the times when he has to tediously remember names of politicians in his class

attribute anything interesting to the professor who teaches the class or the subtopic under discussion.

A student's statement that his professor gave him a bad grade because she does not like him is a(n): stereotype. bias. disposition. attribution.

attribution.

Norman's statement that his professor gives him a bad grade because she doesn't like him is a(n):

attribution.

Why can stereotype threat actually cause people to conform to the given stereotype?

because the negative views directed toward them lead them to perform poorly

Maria has been in a relationship with her boyfriend for 3 years. Although they are not intimate as often as they used to be, they have a very strong relationship because they both trust and care for each other deeply. In the current state of their relationship, Maria and her boyfriend are high in _____love.

companionate

When Harsha's parents refused his request to do something, and Harsha responded by saying that all his friends' parents were allowing them to do it, he was trying to make his parents susceptible to: normative influence. the norm of reciprocity. conformity. obedience.

conformity

Irv's teacher knows that he has had the flu and has been very ill. Irv does not perform well on his exam, but his teacher still believes that his poor performance is caused by his laziness and not his illness. Irv's teacher is demonstrating a(n) _____, which is also sometimes called the fundamental attribution error.

correspondence bias

Javier believes that the reason his friend Manny did not mow his lawn this weekend is because he is lazy. Javier is making a(n) _____attribution about his friend. clinical cognitive dispositional situational

dispositional

As Sam walks down the street, a man asks his for $10. Sam refuses. The man then asks for $2. Sam gives him the money. The man has successfully used the: normative influence principle. foot-in-the-door technique. hedonic motive. door-in-the-face technique.

door-in-the-face technique.

Amelia was rated a 3 out of 10 on an attractiveness scale by her peers. According to the text, Amelia is MOST likely to: have more fun than do her friends who are highly attractive. earn less money than does someone who is rated 9 out of 10 on the same scale. have more dates than does someone who is more attractive. have more friends than does someone who is equally attractive.

earn less money than does someone who is rated 9 out of 10 on the same scale.

According to _____ theory, people are more likely to stay in a relationship where the relative level of costs and benefits seem favorable.

equity

If you really want to borrow your friend's shoes but you think she may refuse, the door-in-the-face technique suggests that you are more likely to get what you want if you:

first ask to borrow something else that she will definitely refuse to lend and then ask to borrow the shoes.

Carrie really wants to borrow Joanne's shoes, but one thinks Joanne may refuse. The door-in-the-face technique suggests that Carrie is MORE likely to get the shoes if she: avoids asking Joanne for anything until Joanne is in a good mood. asks for something else that Joanne does not really care about first. just asks for the shoes first. first asks to borrow something else that she will definitely refuse to lend and then asks to borrow the shoes.

first asks to borrow something else that she will definitely refuse to lend and then asks to borrow the shoes.

Your friend asks you to feed her cat while she is out of town. You agree, and then she asks if you can also water her plants, take out the recycling, and get the mail. What technique has your friend just used to achieve your cooperation?

foot-in-the-door

Sammy the monkey is shown two different rewards: a grape and a carrot. To receive the reward he wants (the grape), Sammy has to perform as asked. Sammy performs the indicated behavior exactly as he is supposed to but receives the carrot as a reward. He proceeds to throw the carrot back at the trainer and becomes very angry. Sammy has never acted this way before. This example BEST demonstrates the: altruistic principle. cognitive dissonance hypothesis. frustration-aggression hypothesis. aggression principle.

frustration-aggression hypothesis.

Sammy the monkey is shown two different rewards: a grape and a carrot. To receive the reward he wants (the grape), Sammy has to perform as asked. Sammy performs the indicated behavior exactly as he is supposed to but receives the carrot as a reward. He proceeds to throw the carrot back at the trainer and becomes very angry. Sammy has never acted this way before. This example BEST demonstrates the _____hypothesis.

frustration-agression

The _____ is the tendency to ignore a person's situation and to focus on that person's disposition.

fundamental attribution error

What is the BEST predictor of aggression?

gender

Erica's boyfriend demands that she should not go out with her girlfriends. He threatens that if she does, he will not talk to her for several days. According to the text, Erica is MOST likely to: avoid going out with her girlfriends because she does not want to lose him. go out with her girlfriends because she does not like to be manipulated in this way. stay home with her boyfriend because she wants to avoid the pain of him not talking to her. go out with her girlfriends but call him every five minutes to make sure he is still talking to her.

go out with her girlfriends because she does not like to be manipulated in this way.

A group of conservative college students are discussing political issues. After the discussion, their attitudes become even more conservative. This example BEST illustrates: groupthink. deindividuation. the common knowledge effect. group polarization.

group polarization

Uncomfortable with the hostile feelings in the room, many of the members of the committee changed their vote to keep the peace. This phenomenon is known as:

groupthink

Among the clinicians in her private practice, Dr. Young is the expert on psychometrics and assessment. However, three of the clinicians disagree on her choice of tests. Dr. Young decides to change her recommendations for the good of the group. This BEST illustrates: groupthink. deindividuation. group polarization. social loafing.

groupthink.

Delroy was rated a 9 out of 10 on an attractiveness scale by his peers. According to the text, Delroy would MOST likely: . have more opportunities than a less attractive individual. earn less money than does his friend who is rated 3 out of 10 on the same scale. have fewer dates than does someone who was less attractive. have fewer friends than does someone rated lower on the attractiveness scale.

have more opportunities than a less attractive individual.

Brian steps into an elevator full of people and begins to talk on his cell phone very loudly. Brian might receive disapproving looks or comments from others on the elevator because: he is not an authority figure. he is overweight. of his hedonic motive. he has violated a norm.

he has violated a norm.

Paul tried to ask out a girl at school, but he was turned down and feels horrible. According to researchers who believe the frustration-aggression hypothesis is incomplete, Paul may become aggressive after this disappointment because: he cannot control his emotions. he is experiencing negative affect. his goal of dating the girl was squashed. his survival instinct kicked in.

he is experiencing negative affect.

Although the reproduction costs are low for Jared to have sex, he is LESS likely to engage in random sexual activity if: he is not concerned about commitment. he is looking for a wife. approached by someone not attractive. he is glorified for his promiscuity.

he is looking for a wife

Martina knows very little about politics and is not especially interested in the outcome of elections. Martina would MOST likely be persuaded by a campaign messaging relying on _____persuasion. normative informational systematic heuristic

heuristic

While campaigning, a local candidate for mayor wears nice suits, kisses babies, throws out the first pitch at the minor league baseball game, and promotes his friendship with a famous soccer player. This mayoral candidate is using a technique called _____.

heuristic persuasion

A company wants someone to buy its product. According to the text, it would be wise for them to emphasize the popularity of the product. This is a powerful technique called _____.

informational influence

Men are considered most attractive with bodies shaped like a(n) _____, and women are considered most attractive with bodies shaped like a(n) _____.

inverted triangle; hourglass

Willow feels that the love in her relationship has lost its intensity because she and her boyfriend do not have the intimacy that they used to have. She thinks she should break up with him, even though she really cares for him. According to the text, Willow: should break up with him; once the euphoria feeling is over, the relationship will never be the same. is experiencing the "cooling off" period during which passionate love is declining, but if she really loves her boyfriend, her passionate love for him will come back in full force. should try to do things to get the passionate love back, such as buying him gifts and spending even more time with him than she already does. is experiencing the decline of passionate love in the relationship, but her companionate love for him may continue to grow; therefore, she should not break up with him yet.

is experiencing the decline of passionate love in the relationship, but her companionate love for him may continue to grow; therefore, she should not break up with him yet.

When small inconsistencies are justified by large consistencies, cognitive dissonance:

is reduced.

According to the text, which example BEST demonstrates aggression? punching a pillow kicking the family cat swimming laps to release anger sighing heavily out of frustration

kicking the family cat

The actor-observer effect occurs because people: know more about their own situation than they do about other peoples' circumstances. have fragile egos and talking about their disposition would bruise their ego. have a hard time desecrating their own character. are mean and do not think about other people.

know more about their own situation than they do about other peoples' circumstances.

Although the reproduction costs are low for Greg to have sex, he is _____likely to engage in sex if it becomes expensive in other ways, such as if he is trying to choose a long-term mate. less equally more not at all

less

Nichole grew up in a culture in which women were punished for having sexual relations with numerous men. Compared with other cultures without this punishment, Nichole is _____likely to engage in sex. equally more very less

less

Zlatan believes that all professional basketball players are more than 6 feet tall. Then he meets a professional basketball player who is 5 feet, 8 inches tall. Zlatan is MOST likely to: modify slightly their stereotype of professional basketball players. abandon their stereotype of professional basketball player altogether. deny that the player is a professional basketball player. think that the player is over 6 feet.

modify slightly their stereotype of professional basketball players.

Although there are significant costs of reproduction if Kim engages in sexual intercourse, she is _____to engage in sex if she has access to birth control and her reputation is not at stake. unlikely more likely less likely equally likely

more likely

From a biological perspective, women are naturally _____ than are men in choosing sexual partners because the costs of reproduction are _____ for women.

more selective; higher

Olivia tried to ask out a boy at school and was turned down, which made her feel horrible. The frustration-aggression hypothesis might predict that Olivia should become aggressive after this event because her goal was frustrated. However, researchers who believe this theory is incomplete would suggest that her aggression came from experiencing _____. \

negative affect

Deanna is attending a yoga class for the first time. After noticing that everyone is seated on a yoga mat with their socks and shoes removed, Deanna takes off her socks and shoes and sits down on a yoga mat. Deanna's behavior is guided by: persuasion. informational influence. obedience to authority. normative influence.

normative influence.

Frankie is at a football game, and every time the home team scores a touchdown, everyone stands up and sings a victory song. After the next touchdown, Frankie also stands up and sings the victory song. Frankie's behavior is guided by: persuasion. obedience to authority. normative influence. informational influence.

normative influence.

Malala is attending a yoga class for the first time. After noticing that everyone is seated on their yoga mats with their socks and shoes removed, she takes off her socks and shoes and sits down on a yoga mat. Malala's behavior is being guided by:

normative influence.

Carly is told to jump and she jumps. This is called: the norm of reciprocity. obedience. conformity. normative influence.

obedience

Dave tells his dog to lie down and the dog complies. The dog is demonstrating: obedience. conformity. informational influence. normative influence.

obedience

A police officer asks a driver to step out of the vehicle and walk towards him, and the driver complies. The driver has demonstrated: conformity. informational influence. normative influence. obedience.

obedience.

A psychology professor walks into the classroom, and tells the students to stand up and put their hands on their heads. The students comply. They have demonstrated: conformity. obedience. normative influence. informational influence.

obedience.

If your psychology professor walks into the classroom and then tells you to stand up and put your hands on your head, and you comply, you would have demonstrated:

obedience.

Oliver failed his math test, which made him feel horrible. According to researchers who believe the frustration-aggression hypothesis is incomplete, Oliver may become aggressive after this disappointment because: of survival instinct. of negative affect. of cognitive behavioral therapy. his goal was frustrated.

of negative affect.

Bryan believes that business classes are boring. The process of perceptual confirmation suggests that Bryan will: only notice the times when he has to tediously remember self-evident concepts in business. attribute anything interesting in business to the professor who teaches it or the subtopic under discussion. make business more boring than it really is. abandon his belief when he finds his next business class interesting.

only notice the times when he has to tediously remember self-evident concepts in business.

Mike is taking Heather on a first date, and he really wants to be sure he makes a good impression and that she is attracted to him. In theory, which event on a first date would MOST likely help tilt the cards in Mike's favor? a picnic on the beach going to a quiet dinner seeing a romantic comedy paragliding

paragliding

Peggy just became involved in a new relationship, and she has trouble concentrating because all she thinks about is the intense chemistry they have and how attracted she is to her new boyfriend. These intense feelings are BEST described as _____love.

passionate

In _____ love, people experience feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction; in _____ love, people experience affection, trust, and concern for a partner's well-being.

passionate; companionate

A student comes into a math class with the expectation that the teacher will be mean. The student does not notice the teacher's smile, but does notice the amount of work the teacher has assigned for the semester. This is caused by the process of: stereotyping. self-fulfilling prophecy. perceptual confirmation. subtyping.

perceptual confirmation.

If you come into a math class with the expectation that the teacher will be mean, you may not notice his smile, but you might notice the amount of work he is assigning for the semester. This is because of the process of:

perceptual confirmation.

There are many reasons that contribute to our attraction to others. One of the best predictors in selecting and developing interpersonal and romantic relationships is:

physical proximity.

If a teacher comes into her classroom and announces to her students that blue-eyed children are smarter than brown-eyed children, she is demonstrating:

prejudice

Nancy is skimming the psychological science section of a popular science magazine. One article is titled, "Meeting: The First Step in Mating." This article MOST likely examines the role of _____in attraction. intimacy similarity proximity attractiveness

proximity

Out of the classes that Gina has taken that have a few Asian students, two out of the five students received the top grades in the class. According to the text, Gina is MOST likely to assume that all three of the Asian students in her current class will: fail the class. not receive the top grade. receive average grades. receive the highest grades in the class.

receive the highest grades in the class.

Lana is waiting at a red light as a car pulls out from a small side street a few cars in front of her. As the light turns green, no one is letting the car merge onto the main road. As Lana approaches, she waves to the car's driver to signal that they can merge. Although her behavior seems genuinely unselfish, Lana expects other drivers to return the favor for her someday. This example is a description of _____.

reciprocal altruism

Rachel is waiting at a red light as a car pulls out from a small side street a few cars in front of her. As the light turns green, no one is letting the car merge onto the main road. As Rachel approaches, she waves to the car's driver to signal that they can merge. Although her behavior seems genuinely unselfish, Rachel expects other drivers to return the favor for her someday. This example is a description of: reciprocal altruism. discrimination. altruism. kin selection.

reciprocal altruism.

Ten-year-old John knows that his teachers think he is a troublemaker. Subsequently, John tries to create chaos in the classroom. Which phenomenon may John be exhibiting? self-fulfilling prophecy stereotype threat the fundamental attribution error phenomenological perspective

self-fulfilling prophecy

A person is MOST likely to marry someone who is:

similar in education and religion.

When Slava decides that a person's behavior was caused by some temporary aspect of the circumstances under which it occurred, he is making a(n) _____attribution.

situational

Dr. Chen found that class projects were of poorer quality when students worked in groups than when each student completed an individual project. This difference may be explained by the phenomenon of: social loafing. deindividuation. groupthink. group polarization.

social loafing

Stefan is a young man who plays soccer with a group of older men. Most of the older men have families and have to stop playing soccer around 4:00 p.m. to be home in time for dinner. A new man named Hugh, who is also older, joins the group. At 4:00 p.m., the game stops, and Stefan assumes that Hugh has to go home like the rest of the men in the group. Stefan has developed a(n) _____about Hugh based on his experience with the rest of the older men. appraisal attribution stereotype subtype

stereotype

Marcellus is African American, and when he goes to take a graduate school entrance exam, he is asked to indicate his ethnicity before he begins. This leads Marcellus to begin thinking about assumptions people make regarding African Americans and intelligence, and he begins to fear that he will confirm these assumptions. This _____could result in a self-fulfilling prophecy where Marcellus does poorly on the test. stereotype threat subtyping perceptual confirmation cognitive dissonance

stereotype threat

José believes that all women are "high maintenance." He recently went on a date with a woman who was ready when he came to pick her up, did not order the most expensive thing on the menu, and tried to pay for the meal. José is not likely to abandon his stereotype of women, but he will instead MOST likely engage in _____to make this woman fit into his current stereotype. subtyping stereotyping perceptual confirmation attribution

subtyping

Val tells one of her friends, "You are the most poorly dressed gay man ever!" Rather than discarding her stereotype of gay men as stylish dressers, Val believes her friend is simply a rare exception to the rule. Val is demonstrating: perceptual confirmation. stereotyping. self-fulfilling prophecy. subtyping.

subtyping.

Gabriela's sister asks Gabriela to babysit for her. She reminds Gabriela of the seven times she has watched Gabriela's children in the past month, and she points out that she has only asked Gabriela once in the last month to watch her children. Gabriela's sister is using a technique called _____.

systematic persuasion

Lana is asked to give money to a group. She is MOST likely to give money to: the Red Cross. her friend's organization that helps children who have autism. the Sierra Club, an organization to which she belongs. a homeless man asking for money on the side of the street.

the Sierra Club, an organization to which she belongs.

Beth believes that the reason someone cut in front of her on the highway is because the person is mean. However, when she cuts off a person a few miles later, she believes it is because she needed to get over to the exit. In this example, Beth is demonstrating: . dispositional attribution. stereotyping. self-fulfilling prophecy. the actor-observer effect.

the actor-observer effect.

When asked why she bought a car even though she had no money, Kendra responded by saying that it would cost more to fix her car than to just buy a new one. When asked why her friend Kelsey bought a new car even though Kelsey had no money, Kendra responded by saying that Kelsey is irresponsible and makes bad decisions. Kendra has demonstrated: subtyping. the correspondence bias. stereotyping. the actor-observer effect.

the actor-observer effect.

What is involved in the study of social psychology?

the courses and consequences of sociality

An Internet retailer finds that customers are MORE likely to make "big-ticket" purchases if they can be induced to make a smaller one first. This example BEST demonstrates: the door-in-the-face effect. the foot-in-the-door effect. normative influence. cognitive dissonance.

the foot-in-the-door effect.

Robbie's friend asks him to feed her cat while she is out of town. Robbie agrees, and then his friend asks if he can also water her plants, take out the recycling, and get the mail. Which technique has Robbie's friend just used? the foot-in-the-door technique normative influence the door-in-the-face technique cognitive dissonance

the foot-in-the-door technique

In the case of Bernie Madoff's Ponzi scheme, many people were influenced to invest in a fraudulent design that promised very large monetary returns. Which basic motivation MOST likely made them susceptible to social influence in this case? the hedonic motive the primary motive the accuracy motive the approval motive

the hedonic motive

What do people assess to evaluate the accuracy of new information?

the information's consistency with established beliefs

Denise and Ryan move to a new city. Based on the notion of a comparison level, which factor is MORE likely to break up their relationship? the opportunity to meet new people who may be better relationship partners the new stress that is now put on their relationship because they are in a different environment the increased number of bars in the area the distractions of city life

the opportunity to meet new people who may be better relationship partners

Conformity refers to: customary standards for behavior that are widely shared by members of a culture. a phenomenon that occurs when another person's behavior provides information about what is appropriate. the tendency to mimic the actions of others simply because they are doing it. the unwritten rule that people should help those who have helped them.

the tendency to mimic the actions of others simply because they are doing it.

Rita is a 40-year-old resident of the United States. According to the text: it is unlikely that she is married. she is definitely not married. there is a very high chance that she is married. there is about a 50% chance that she is married.

there is a very high chance that she is married.

People are MOST likely to pay for things on an honor system when: they are reminded of the payment policy. they believe they are being observed. they believe they can get away with not paying. the cost is low.

they believe they are being observed.

By working _____, people often acquire more resources and benefits for themselves than working _____.

together; alone

People do not stop using stereotypes MOST likely because stereotypes are: useful and can be abandoned for consistency's sake. unconscious and automatic. conscious and automatic. always correct.

unconscious and automatic.

When people _____the variability of human categories, they feel _____ in using stereotypes. overestimate; justified overestimate; unjustified underestimate; justified underestimate; unjustified

underestimate; justified

Amber really likes Gabe. The BEST time for her to approach him is: before he plays video games. when he is done working out. when he has just woken up. when he is riding a rollercoaster.

when he is riding a rollercoaster.

In which situation is Felicia MOST likely to benefit? when Felicia always cooperates and others also cooperate when Felicia does not cooperate and others also do not cooperate when Felicia always cooperates and others do not cooperate when others cooperate, but Felicia does not cooperate

when others cooperate, but Felicia does not cooperate

In the prisoner's dilemma game, the risk is that, if: your partner does not cooperate and you do, you are left to suffer the consequences. both you and your partner cooperate, you both are severely punished. you and your partner do not cooperate, then you suffer the consequences. your partner cooperates and you do not, then you are severely punished.

your partner does not cooperate and you do, you are left to suffer the consequences.