AP HuG Unit 2 Tesr

The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition model? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5

Stage 1

Which of the following identifies how population density is shown in the maps? A. At different scales, showing administrative units B. In different types of physical regions C. In different types of culture regions D. In different types of vernacular regions E. At the same scale, showing different parts of the country

A. At different scales, showing administrative units

Which of the following patterns is indicated by the population pyramid shown? A. Levels of education and contraceptive usage are high among women. B. Government policies encourage women to have multiple children. C. The population has a high total fertility rate. D. Government policies discourage women from having multiple children. E. The population has a low infant mortality rate.

C. The population has a high total fertility rate.

Which of the following types of population information is shown on the map? A. Transnational migration B. Internal migration C. Agricultural density D. Arithmetic density E. Physiological density

D. Arithmetic density

Which of the following processes best explains a decrease in mortality rates worldwide? A. Increased rates of female literacy B. Increased rates of urbanization C. Modern family planning methods D. Better hygiene and sanitation practices E. Greater female workforce participation

D. Better hygiene and sanitation practices

epidemic

regional outbreak of a disease

Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15. In what stage of the demographic transition model is this country? (Hint: CBR over 30 are considered high) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5

Stage 2

Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5

Stage 2

The highest natural increase rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition model? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5

Stage 2

ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

The annual global population growth rate increased approximately 10,000 years ago because of the medical revolution demographic transition Industrial Revolution increase in the crude birth rate agricultural revolution

agricultural revolution

intervening obstacle

an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration

The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is the crude birth rate projected birth rate total fertility rate natural increase rate life expectancy rate

crude birth rate

The population pyramid of Naples, Florida is "upside down" or "top heavy" because the city has a large percentage of females infants elderly people immigrants young people

elderly people

medical revolution

the leap of medical knowledge in stage 2 of the demographic transition

Japan has a low birth rate and a high life expectancy. Which of the following explains why Japan will struggle with demographic challenges in 30 years? A. Too many youth dependents for the education system will require increased taxes. B. An aging population needing health care will require more public funding. C. Too many workers for available jobs will lead to high rates of unemployment. D. A rapidly increasing population will strain the country's infrastructure. E. A rapidly increasing population will strain the available food supply.

B. An aging population needing health care will require more public funding.

Based on the diagram of the demographic transition model, which of the following correctly describes the expected population change over time? A. As birth rates remain high and death rates decrease, the total population remains stable. B. As birth and death rates are high, population growth remains high. C. As birth rates are higher than death rates, population growth remains high. D. As birth and the death rates lower, the total population remains low. E. As birth rates drop below death rates, the total population remains stable.

C. As birth rates are higher than death rates, population growth remains high.

Bangladesh has seen its total fertility rate drop to 2.1, but its population is projected to be higher in 2050 than it is today. Which of the following explains why Bangladesh will continue to experience positive rates of natural increase? A. Bangladesh will continue to grow because it will receive a high number of immigrants. B. Bangladesh was experiencing low birth rates, but it is predicted to have a baby boom. C. Bangladesh's population will continue to grow as a result of a large youthful population. D. Bangladesh will promote pronatalist policies to avoid a diminished workforce. E. Bangladesh will continue to grow because a fertility rate of 2.1 is still above replacement level.

C. Bangladesh's population will continue to grow as a result of a large youthful population.

Which of the following best identifies the data for western China, shown on the map? A. High carrying capacity B. Low population pressure C. Clustered population D. High arithmetic density E. Low arithmetic density

C. Clustered population

Deaths in Country A often occur due to outbreaks of epidemic disease, while in Country B most people are dying from chronic disorders such as heart disease. Which of the following best describes where these countries fall in the demographic transition model and in which region they are likely located? A. Country A : Stage 3, Latin America; Country B : Stage 2, West Africa B. Country A : Stage 2, Latin America; Country B : Stage 3, West Africa C. Country A : Stage 2, West Africa; Country B : Stage 4, western Europe D. Country A : Stage 4, western Europe; Country B : Stage 2, West Africa E. Country A : Stage 4, western Europe ; Country B : Stage 2, Latin America

C. Country A : Stage 2, West Africa; Country B : Stage 4, western Europe

Which of the following explains an impact of open-border policies regarding migration within the European Union? A. Increased free trade within Europe based on elimination of tariffs, due to the need for economic cooperation between member states B. Greater cultural unity within Europe as it becomes a melting pot, due to the use of a common currency C. Growing political tensions as immigration increases, due to competition between immigrants and local people for available jobs D. Greater restrictions on travel within European Union countries, due to the need for internal security E. Less environmental pollution as a result of stricter regulations, due to member states agreeing on a common air-quality policy

C. Growing political tensions as immigration increases, due to competition between immigrants and local people for available jobs

Based on the data shown in the table, which of the following accurately describes changes in the roles of women as countries develop economically? A. More women work in agriculture B. More women leave the workforce C. More women work in professional jobs D. Fewer women enroll in secondary school E. Most women work in the home

C. More women work in professional jobs

Immigration of asylum applicants from Africa to the European Union, Norway, and Switzerland increased from approximately 50,000 in 2010 to approximately 200,000 in 2016. In 2017, there were approximately 175,000 asylum applicants. Which of the following best explains the trend in asylum seekers from African countries to Europe since 2010? A. Improvement in the level of economic development in African countries led to an increase in the number of asylum seekers. B. A decrease in the number of armed conflicts in African countries meant a higher number of asylum seekers traveling to Europe. C. Political instability and conflict along with high fertility levels over the long term has led to an increase in asylum seekers. D. Low fertility rates and more stable political systems led to an overall decrease in asylum seekers as they found more economic opportunities at home. E. An influx of asylum seekers from the Middle East led to a decrease in the number of accepted asylum applications from Africa.

C. Political instability and conflict along with high fertility levels over the long term has led to an increase in asylum seekers.

Which of the following is the best describes an example of transhumance? A. Ranchers in Canada who allow their cattle to graze over a wide area of flat land B. Herders in Kenya who take their goats to a river basin each day for water C. Shepherds in France who move their sheep to mountain pastures each summer D. Farmers in Peru who raise their llamas on land that used to be tropical rain forest E. Traders in Mongolia who maintain a herd of camels and a herd of yaks

C. Shepherds in France who move their sheep to mountain pastures each summer

A country develops new technologies for farming, which help stabilize and increase food supply. According to Malthusian theory, which of the following would best explain those results? A. The new technologies would conserve water and energy supplies. B. The new technologies would reduce preventive checks on population. C. The new technologies would reduce positive checks on population. D. The new technologies would create a rapid decrease in population. E. The new technologies would increase the need for preventative checks of population.

C. The new technologies would reduce positive checks on population.

Which of the following explains how data from the population pyramid for Spain would be useful for government policy makers? A. Data on the annual number of legal immigrants would be used to establish policy on international refugees. B. Data on voters' party memberships would be used to locate target audiences during political campaigns. C. Data on the population of adult women would be used to plan for the numbers of children starting school. D. Data on the size of the rural population would be used to set up health clinics for the elderly. E. Data on the size of the middle-aged population would be used to plan for retirement and social security benefits.

E. Data on the size of the middle-aged population would be used to plan for retirement and social security benefits.

The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition model? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5

Stage 4

The percentage of people who are too young or too old to work in a society is the dependency ratio life expectancy population pyramid sex ratio demographic ratio

dependency ratio

The medical revolution has been characterized by increase in the crude birth rate development of new inventions invention of new medicines increased agricultural productivity diffusion of medical practices

diffusion of medical practices

In contrast to the experience of more developed countries, less developed countries entered Stage 2 of the demographic transition model through diffusion of medical technology from other countries banking innovations diffusion of the Industrial Revolution profound changes in their economic and social systems creation of higher levels of wealth

diffusion of medical technology from other countries

The world's population in 1995 was approximately 6 billion and a steady rate of growth was expected to reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. The period of 45 years is known as overpopulation life expectancy natural increase rate doubling time demographic transition

doubling time

One important feature of the world's population with the most significant future implications is that: a. people are uniformly distributed across Earth b. there are fewer people in the world now than at the peak in the middle of the 20th century c. the less developed countries have the highest combined crude death rate d. the nature increase rate is larger every year e. the most rapid growth in occurring in the less developed countries

e. the most rapid growth in occurring in the less developed countries

interregional migration

movement from one region to another

In-migration

people moving into another area within their own country

out-migration

people moving out of their area within their own country.

net migration

the total number of immigrants who leave a country in a given time period

intraregional migration

movement within a region

Which of the following scenarios explains a demographic push factor for less developed countries? A. A large youth population, lacking educational opportunities, seek schooling in more developed countries. B. Religious persecution and threats of violence create a refugee crisis in neighboring countries. C. A working population, seeking higher wages, emigrate to more developed countries. D. Drought threatening agricultural output and food supplies create a refugee crisis in neighboring countries. E. An oppressive government discriminates against minorities, forcing ethnic groups to live in rural enclaves.

A. A large youth population, lacking educational opportunities, seek schooling in more developed countries.

Malthusian theory would explain which of the following possible consequences of high birth rates in a less developed country? A. Famine and starvation will occur as demand outpaces agricultural production. B. Technological advancements will lead to increased agricultural production. C. People will implement family-planning methods as resources grow scarce. D. Areas with the greatest population density will import scarce resources. E. Farmers will bring more land under cultivation to produce more food.

A. Famine and starvation will occur as demand outpaces agricultural production.

Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have total fertility rates that exceed 5.0. Which of the following population characteristics is associated with this phenomenon? A. High youth dependency ratio B. Long life expectancy C. Low birth rates D. High elder dependency ratio E. Zero population growth

A. High youth dependency ratio

Which of the following describes forced migration? A. Residents from New Orleans, United States, being displaced during Hurricane Katrina B. Residents from Sendai, Japan, being displaced during an earthquake and related tsunami C. Population movement to cities with more job opportunities created by economic recession D. British convicts shipped to Australia in the mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries E. Northern Europeans moving to southern European countries for health reasons

A. Residents from New Orleans, United States, being displaced during Hurricane Katrina

Which of the following best explains an effect of migration within the United States between 1950 and 2010 ? A. The mean center of the population of the United States shifted to the South and West as workers migrated to areas with more jobs and a warmer climate. B. Population increased in the industrial North because of large-scale migration of African Americans from the South. C. Rapid suburbanization occurred in the Midwest as retirees migrated from the East Coast. D. Large clusters of migrants from other countries settled in the South and West, leading to significant population growth in this region. E. Population increased in the northeastern United States as large numbers of college graduates moved to this region to seek employment.

A. The mean center of the population of the United States shifted to the South and West as workers migrated to areas with more jobs and a warmer climate.

A high level of mobility for international migration and employment is best explained by which of the following demographic groups? A. Unmarried men in their late twenties with no children and a university education B. Unmarried woman in their twenties with no children and a high school education C. Married man in their forties with children and a high school education D. Unmarried men in their thirties with children and a high school education E. Married woman in their thirties with children and a university education

A. Unmarried men in their late twenties with no children and a university education

From 2010 through 2017 there was a large increase in the number of migrants from Africa to Europe. Which of the following explains a possible impact on the emigrant countries of origin during and after that time period? A. Increasing emigration resulted in the governments of the countries of origin providing financial support for emigrants. B. As more emigrants sent money home, the influx of money created an economic boom in the countries of origin. C. Increasing emigration resulted in a decreased need for language training programs in schools to help emigrants find work. D. Many emigrants became unemployed, which decreased the total financial contributions to countries of origin. E. Remittances increased diffusion of cultural traits such as customs, religion, and food products from the host countries to the countries of origin.

B. As more emigrants sent money home, the influx of money created an economic boom in the countries of origin.

Many European countries provide families one or more of the following: tax credits, flexible parental leave, monthly payments, public-transportation fare reduction, free vaccines, and subsidized childcare. Which of the following would explain why a country such as Belgium would implement the described policies? A. Belgium has concerns about gender equality and wants to increase female participation in the workforce. B. Belgium has concerns about an aging population and wants to encourage higher birth rates. C. Belgium has concerns about a large youth population and wants to encourage lower birth rates. D. Belgium has concerns about the ability of immigrants from developing regions to support themselves. E. Belgium has concerns about an aging population and wants to encourage lower birth rates.

B. Belgium has concerns about an aging population and wants to encourage higher birth rates.

South Korea, as of 2018, has the lowest total fertility rate in the world at 1.1. Which of the following best explains a population policy South Korea could enact to promote higher birth rates? A. Decreasing the age of retirement so that older Koreans can work in childcare centers B. Decreasing the cost of childcare so that families can afford to have more children C. Increasing social-security benefits so that retirees can financially support their grandchildren D. Decreasing health insurance so that parents pay more for the cost of childbirth E. Increasing educational costs for universities so that the government can spend more on preschool

B. Decreasing the cost of childcare so that families can afford to have more children

Based on the demographic transition model, which region is best described as exhibiting overall negative rates of growth in stage 4? A. South Asia B. Eastern Europe C. North America D. East Asia E. Northern Africa

B. Eastern Europe

If rural-to-urban migration continues in China, which of the following outcomes is most likely? A. Farming will become unsustainable. B. Housing shortages in urban areas will be common. C. Schools in rural areas will not have enough students to remain open. D. Manufacturing areas will face labor shortages. E. Wages will increase in urban areas.

B. Housing shortages in urban areas will be common.

In 1980 China implemented an antinatalist one-child policy. Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of the policy? A. There are more women than men because of a cultural preference for female children. B. There are more men than women because of a cultural preference for male children. C. China's total fertility rate dropped below the replacement rate due to strict enforcement of the law. D. China's age structure shifted toward a high youth dependency due to limiting births. E. China discontinued the policy to accommodate an unexpected increase in infant mortality rates.

B. There are more men than women because of a cultural preference for male children.

Which statement best explains an environmental impact of China's population distribution? A. The population distribution shown allows for large-scale agricultural expansion in western China to increase the food supply. B. The population distribution shown permits the dispersal of industrial air pollution outside of the region due to prevailing wind patterns. C. The population distribution shown directs urban and industrial water pollution along riverways to less populated portions of the country. D. The population distribution shown depicts concentration in cities, which results in more open area to protect wildlife and preserve habitats. E. The population distribution shown requires more intensive use of limited soil and water resources to increase the carrying capacity of agricultural land.

C. The population distribution shown directs urban and industrial water pollution along riverways to less populated portions of the country.

Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country Y has a crude birth rate of 20 and a crude death rate of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate? Country X Country Y The rate is the same in both countries. The rate depends on total population, so it can't be computed from this information. The rate depends on immigration, so it can't be computed from this information.

Country X

A population pyramid that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom most likely represents which of the following populations? A. A rapidly expanding population B. A stable or declining population C. A population with an unusually small percentage of older females D. A population of retirees E. A population with a large percentage of younger male guest workers

D. A population of retirees

Which of the following statements accurately explains the population dynamics of a country on the table shown? A. Women in Ethiopia have increased opportunities to achieve higher levels of education than women in Vietnam. B. Chile has a higher rate of emigration than other countries in the table. C. Males in Chile have a longer life expectancy than males in Germany. D. Germany has a negative rate of natural increase. E. Bangladeshi citizens have access to high-quality health care.

D. Germany has a negative rate of natural increase.

Which of the following describes the relationship between fertility and education in the United States and Canada in recent decades? A. The decrease in the percent of women who are more highly educated results in a larger number of children entering school. B. The decrease in the percent of women who are more highly educated correlates with the decline in fertility. C. The increase in the percent of women who are more highly educated correlates with the increase in fertility. D. The increase in the percent of women who are more highly educated correlates with the decline in fertility. E. The increase in the percent of women who are more highly educated results in a larger number of children entering school.

D. The increase in the percent of women who are more highly educated correlates with the decline in fertility.

Which of the following statements best explains the trend about infant mortality shown in the bar chart? A. The trend can be explained by improvements in political participation and voting in all regions. B. The trend can be explained by rural to urban migration and the growth of cities in all regions. C. The trend can be explained by industrialization and improved job opportunities. D. The trend can be explained by improved health care and nutrition in all regions. E. The trend can be explained by improvements in communications and Internet access.

D. The trend can be explained by improved health care and nutrition in all regions.

Which of the following population patterns is common in more developed countries? A. High birth rates, leading to younger age structures B. An uneven ratio of males to females, leading to lower total fertility rates C. Higher population densities in rural areas, leading to scarcity of natural resources D. A rapidly increasing working-age population, leading to high unemployment rates E. Declining levels of fertility and mortality, leading to older age structures

E. Declining levels of fertility and mortality, leading to older age structures

Neo-Malthusian theory can be used to explain which of the following situations? A. Brazil's interior was previously unfit for farming, but recently more land is being cultivated. B. Mexico has utilized new technology to shift from being a food importer to being a food exporter. C. Malawi previously experienced famine but has improved agricultural yields through subsidies. D. India has been able to increase agricultural yields by utilizing bio-engineered seeds. E. South Sudan experienced famine during the twenty-first century as a result of war and drought.

E. South Sudan experienced famine during the twenty-first century as a result of war and drought.

Population patterns shown on the map indicate that areas around river deltas and upland lake and river valleys have higher densities. Which of the following best explains why these regions are more heavily populated? A. These regions have pronatalist policies. B. These regions have access to international trade. C. These regions experience seasonal climate variation. D. These regions have mineral resources. E. These regions have higher carrying capacities.

E. These regions have higher carrying capacities.

A large number of Turkish people migrated to Germany in the 1960s, when West Germany's manufacturing economy was booming and Turkey's economy was predominantly agricultural. Which of the following best describes Turkish migration to Germany? A. Political asylum seekers fleeing Communism B. Involuntary migrants fleeing transnational wars C. Internal rural-to-urban migrants D. Internally displaced persons E. Voluntary guest workers

E. Voluntary guest workers

The annual global population growth rate increased approximately 200 years ago because of the medical revolution demographic transition Industrial Revolution increase in the crude birth rate agricultural revolution

Industrial Revolution