AP Human Geo

A hearth is A) a region from which a phenomenon originates. B) the process by which a feature or trend spreads. C) an area defined by one or more distinctive features or trends. D) the modification of a culture as a result of contact with a more powerful one. E) the perimeter or boundary marked by a regional feature.

A) a region from which a phenomenon originates

The township and range system A) established a gridlike pattern for much of present-day land use in the United States. B) is in use nearly everywhere in the world. C) was used for navigation by early pioneers, traders, and explorers in North America. D) established a gridlike pattern for much of present-day Europe and the United States. E) was used throughout Europe until the mid-1800s, after which the United States adopted it.

A) established a gridlike pattern for much of present-day land use in the United States.

Common practices of ________ include exploiting the distinctive economic assets of different countries and regions, organizing production according to a spatial division of labor, placing earnings in offshore bank accounts to avoid paying taxes, and moving factories from high wage regions to low wage regions. A) transnational corporations B) nonessential employees C) democratic governments D) nationalized corporations E) locally owned corporations

A) transnational corporations

Which of the following is NOT correct? A) Society's values are the basis for choosing which resources to use. B) Society's values are consistently held by all members of society. C) Humans deplete nonrenewable resources. D) Humans pollute and degrade renewable resources. E) Consumer choices can support sustainability.

B) Society's values are consistently held by all members of society.

The study of how humans and the environment interact is called A) environmental determinism. B) cultural ecology. C) cultural diffusion. D) cultural possibilism. E) natural science.

B) cultural ecology.

Sustainability A) eliminates the use of nonrenewable resources. B) curtails the use of nonrenewable resources and controlling the use of renewable resources to ensure availability in the future. C) demands the elimination of fossil fuel use. D) curtails the use of renewable resources and controls the use of nonrenewable resources to ensure availability in the future. E) encourages wholesale dependence on wood products.

B) curtails the use of nonrenewable resources and controlling the use of renewable resources to ensure availability in the future.

The spread of Christianity in Africa suggests A) hierarchical diffusion. B) relocation diffusion followed by expansion diffusion. C) expansion diffusion only. D) stimulus diffusion. E) contagious diffusion without relocation diffusion.

B) relocation diffusion followed by expansion diffusion.

Using the above map observe that A) the only place in which arid and semiarid lands are found is in Africa. B) semiarid lands largely border arid lands. C) there is only one tropical rainy climate which is found in Brazil. D) marine west coast climates are only found on the west coast of countries. E) the subarctic climate encompasses the entire Russian Federation.

B) semiarid lands largely border arid lands.

A development plan that uses the earth's resources prudently to ensure availability in the future is a(n) A) equitable plan. B) sustainability plan. C) capitalist plan. D) socialist plan. E) impossible plan.

B) sustainability plan.

If NASA sends a space probe into orbit around mars, and that probe transmits images of the Martian surface back to earth, we could say that: A. The space probe is gathering surface data, but it cannot be described as engaging in remote sensing because this is an operation that, by definition, can only be accomplished from Earth orbit. B. The space probe is generating data for GPS. C. The space probe is engaging in remote-sensing, although it is gathering data from a planet other than earth. D. The probe is engaging in aerial photography, although it is taking it's "pictures" from outer space. E. The USGC has programmed the space probe to mimic the work of earth satellites.

C. The space probe is engaging in remote-sensing, although it is gathering data from a planet other than earth.

Which of the following does NOT represent an exchange value? A) U-Pick strawberries for $4 B) orange juice in the supermarket C) a salad eaten in a restaurant D) an orange picked and consumed E) apple pies for sale at a Farmers' Market

D) an orange picked and consumed

Which of the following are forms of expansion diffusion? A) contagious and eponymous B) hierarchical and formal C) economic and relocation D) contagious and hierarchical E) relocation and stimulus

D) contagious and hierarchical

The arrangement of a phenomenon across Earth's surface is A) dispersal. B) spatial analysis. C) spatial association. D) distribution. E) regional dissociation.

D) distribution.

USGS Topographic maps reveal details A) of an area's physical landscape. B) of an area's cultural landscape. C) of an area's elevation variation. D) of both physical features and cultural landmarks of an area. E) of an area's water resources.

D) of both physical features and cultural landmarks of an area.

If the scale of a map is 1:100,000, then 1 centimeter on the map represents ________ on Earth's surface. A) 1 kilometer B) 10 kilometers C) 10,000 kilometers D) 100,000 kilometers E) 1,000 centimeters

a) 1 kilometer

A computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays geographic data is A) GIS. B) GPS. C) remote sensing. D) USGS. E) topographic analysis.

a) GIS

Culture means to A) care about and nurture something. B) nurture the growth of a plant but not ideas, customs, or beliefs. C) develop new variations. D) discard effective practices. E) teach art, music, and literature.

a) care about and nurture something

A ________ is the spread of something over a given study area. A) concentration B) density C) distribution D) pattern E) diffusion

a) concentration

The diffusion of HIV/AIDS prevention methods and treatments in the United States is an example of which type of diffusion? A) contagious B) hierarchical C) relocation D) stimulus E) geospatial

a) contagious

a geographers spacial analysis would entail A) examining relationships and patterns across the physical distance between two objects. B) confining the analysis to political boundaries. C) restrictive examination of government control of territory. D) examining only physical characteristics of the globe. E) observing conditions only from a planetary and universal scale.

a) examining relationships and patterns across the physical distance between two objects

Driving around to gather information for street navigation devices is called A) ground truthing. B) remote sensing. C) GIS programming. D) GPS grounding. E) GPS.

a) ground truthing

Situation identifies a place by its A) location relative to other objects or places. B) mathematical location on Earth's surface. C) nominal location. D) unique, internal physical and cultural characteristics. E) primary dimensions.

a) location relative to other objects

You are given the coordinates 128 E longitude, 45 N latitude. This is an example of a A) mathematical location. B) placename on the grid system. C) situation on the grid system. D) mathematical grid interchange. E) site-situation intersection.

a) mathematical location

You see the coordinates 5 E longitude, 10 N latitude. You do not need to look at a map in order to deduce that this location is A) near both the equator and the prime meridian. B) near the equator but quite far from the prime meridian. C) near the International Date Line as well as the North Pole. D) near the International Date Line and the prime meridian. E) near both the equator and the International Date Line.

a) near both the equator and the prime meridian

the coordinates 150 E long and 89N latitude A) near both the International Date Line and the North Pole. B) near the equator but quite far from the prime meridian. C) near the International Date Line and the equator. D) near the North Pole and the prime meridian. E) near both the Tropic of Cancer and the International Date Line.

a) near both the international date line and north pole

A ship's position is given as 0 degrees latitude and 27 degrees west longitude. We can conclude from this information that the ship is located A) on the equator and in the Atlantic Ocean. B) at the North or South Pole and in the Arctic Ocean. C) on the Prime Meridian and in the Atlantic Ocean. D) astride the International Date Line in the Pacific Ocean. E) equidistant between the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line.

a) on the equator and in the atlantic ocean

if a geographer uses some of the components and applications of a computer system to organize and display maps, but she doesn't use it for other functions A) she is still using a GIS, although she may not be using all of its potential to store, organize, retrieve, and analyze data. B) she is still utilizing a GPS, although she may not be using all of its potential to store, organize, retrieve, and analyze data. C) she is using only the components of a remote sensing system, because she is not storing, organizing, retrieving, or analyzing data. D) she is not using a GIS, because she is not using all of the system's potential to store, organize, retrieve, and analyze data. E) she is using only the topographic analysis functions, because she is not using all of its potential to store, organize, retrieve, and analyze data.

a) she is still using a GIS, although she may not be using all of its potential to store, organize, retrieve, and analyze data

in recent years the global movement of money has been enhanced primarily by A) establishment of new stock exchanges in London, New York, and Tokyo. B) improvements in electronic communications. C) relocation of production from core to peripheral regions. D) uneven development of national banking sectors. E) safeguards to ensure that economic recessions do not result from bank policies.

b) improvements in electronic communications

If we did not have a map handy, we would deduce that the coordinates 171 E longitude, 12 S latitude are likely A) just east of the International Date Line and just north of the equator. B) just south of the equator and just east of the prime meridian. C) just west of the International Date Line and just south of the equator. D) just west of the prime meridian and just south of the equator. E) just south of the International Date Line and just east of the equator.

c) just west of the international dateline and just south of the equator

Global positioning systems reference __ location A) relative B) situational C) mathematical D) toponymic E) only military

c) mathematical

Global culture is often described as centered on three core cities, which are A) New York City, Paris, Beijing. B) Paris, Berlin, Tokyo. C) New York City, London, Tokyo. D) London, Los Angeles, Shanghai. E) London, New York City, Shanghai.

c) ny london tokyo

An area distinguished by one or more unique characteristics is a A) biome. B) landscape. C) region. D) uniform unit. E) ecosystem.

c) region

The historic diffusion of HIV/AIDS in the United States is an example of which type of diffusion? A) contagious B) hierarchical C) relocation D) stimulus E) geospatial

c) relocation

the aquisition of data about earth's surface from a satellite or spacecraft is A) GIS. B) GPS. C) remote sensing. D) aerial photography. E) USGS.

c) remote sensing

a geographer would primarily be interested in determining or locating a suitable _____ if he were wishing to study a remote, rural valley in western Africa where diamonds are mined A geographer would be primarily interested in determining or locating a suitable ________ if he were wishing to study a remote, rural valley in western Africa where diamonds are mined. A) geocache B) situation C) site D) toponym E) jurisdiction

c) site

New York City's ________ is approximately 100 miles northeast of Philadelphia and 100 miles southwest of Boston. A) location B) site C) situation D) toponym E) jurisdiction

c) situation

The difference in time it took for Columbus to cross the Atlantic and John Glenn to cross the Atlantic is an example of A) better time measurement. B) better geographic knowledge. C) space-time compression. D) establishing longitude as part of the grid. E) establishing a prime meridian.

c) space-time compression

The concept that the distribution of one phenomenon is related to the location of other phenomena is A) geographic analysis. B) spatial analysis. C) spatial association. D) spatial distribution. E) regional association.

c) spatial association

Using the above map observe that A) men and women are equally paid in the United States. B) the most equality in income is found in North Africa. C) the average income earned by women is less than that of men in every country of the world. D) China's wages are more equal than those of neighboring Mongolia. E) Scandinavia demonstrates less equality in income than Western Europe.

c) the avg income

The mantle and crust are associated with A) the atmosphere. B) the hydrosphere. C) the lithosphere. D) the biosphere. E) the geosphere.

c) the lithosphere

The increasing gap in economic conditions between regions is described as A) balance of power. B) trade theory. C) uneven development. D) capitalism. E) resource exploitation.

c) uneven development

International Date Line is measured from A) 0 degrees latitude. B) 0 degrees longitude. C) 90 degrees latitude. D) 180 degrees longitude. E) 90 degrees longitude.

d) 180 degrees longitude

which of the following best described the idea of cultural landscape A) a landscape that has been completely modified, like a city center B) a landscape set aside for historical preservation, like a Civil War battlefield C) land that has been developed with museums, concert halls, and schools D) a landscape where human activity has modified the natural environment in some way E) a landscape untouched by human activity, featuring mountains, rivers, and plants

d) a landscape where human activity had modified the natural environment in some way

which of the following types of maps would have the largest numeric scale A) world B) continent C) state D) city E) country

d) city

which of the following are fundamental elements of culture A) customary beliefs, volcanic mountain ranges, and river settlements B) material beliefs, customary forms, physical norms, and material social traits C) social forms, material traits, customary beliefs, and physical environments D) customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms E) physical environments and material traits

d) customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms

a map projection may distort a continent, making it appear stretched in some areas and smashed in others in order to A) distort the shapes of other continents. B) distort the distances and relative sizes of countries and continents. C) depict a map that accurately represents a globe in every detail. D) depict accurately the physical area of a country or continent. E) depict accurately the shape of that same continent.

d) depict accurately the physical area of a country or continent

Mormonism is most concentrated in the counties surrounding Salt Lake City, Utah, and the population of Mormons as a percentage of total county population begins to decline the further away from Salt Lake City. This is an example of A) assimilation. B) acculturation. C) syncretism. D) distance decay. E) time space compression.

d) distance decay

The nine regions that the Census Bureau has established within the United States are examples of A) governmental regions. B) functional regions. C) nodal regions. D) formal regions. E) vernacular regions.

d) formal regions

1:24,000 is an example of what kind of scale? A) a bar line B) a metric scale C) a graphic scale D) a written scale E) a ratio or fraction

e) a ratio or fraction

the south established a vernacular region of the united states by A) climate, low educational attainment, cotton production, and the prevalence of talk radio stations. B) climate, low high-school graduation rates, and the Roman Catholic and Baptist churches. C) low high school graduation rates, climate, cotton and corn (maize) production, and abuses of the rights of voters and minorities. D) high cotton production, high church attendance, the prevalence of right-wing talk radio stations, and limits placed on the civil rights of ethnic and racial minorities. E) climate, low educational attainment, cotton production, and the prevalence of Baptist churches.

e) climate, low educational attainment, cotton production, and the prevalence of baptist churches

to geographers, the spread of mcdonalds around the world represents A) economic proliferation. B) a unique taste in nearly every location. C) the relocation diffusion of restaurants. D) economic globalization but not cultural globalization. E) economic and cultural globalization.

e) economic and cultural globalization

a mathematical process for transferring locations from a globe to a flat map is A) distribution. B) interruption. C) rendition D) scale. E) projection.

e) projection

Over ________ percent of the earth's water is in oceans. A) 50 B) 60 C) 75 D) 87 E) 97

e)97

Which of the following is incorrect? A) The hydrosphere includes water in solid, gas, and liquid forms. B) The lithosphere includes the mantle and crust. C) Oxygen is the major element of the atmosphere. D) All living organisms are part of the biosphere. E) The biosphere is the only biotic sphere.

C) Oxygen is the major element of the atmosphere.

Which of the following pairs of resources and renewability is incorrect? A) Coal - Nonrenewable B) Solar - Renewable C) Petroleum - Renewable D) Bamboo - Renewable E) Natural Gas - Nonrenewable

C) Petroleum - Renewable

The concept that the physical environment sets broad limits on human actions, but that people have the ability to adjust to a wide variety of physical environments is A) climate. B) environmental determinism. C) possibilism. D) spatial association. E) cultural relativism.

C) possibilism.

Which of the following pairs is incorrect? A) Water rationing - Conservation B) Restrictions on oil drilling in the arctic - Preservation C) Yosemite National Park - Preservation D) Fuel efficiency mandates - Conservation E) Recycling - Preservation

E) Recycling - Preservation

The U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the country into a system of A) townships, towns, cities, municipalities, and major urban centers. B) ranges, distances, scales, projections, and map symbols. C) town-county boundaries. D) quarter sections, range sections, town land sections, and county sections. E) townships, ranges, sections, and quarter sections.

E) townships, ranges, sections, and quarter sections.

Among the elements of globalization of culture are tendencies toward A) uniform consumption preferences, enhanced communications, unequal access to resources, and uniformity in cultural forms. B) enhanced communications, heterogeneity, and equal access to resources. C) uniform consumption preferences, slower communications, unequal access to resources, greater access to entertainment, and a mixture of uniformity and variety in cultural forms. D) maintaining local traditions. E) maintaining local traditions along with uniformity of cultural beliefs and forms.

a) uniform consumption preferences, enhanced communications, unequal access to resources, and uniformity in cultural forms

greenwich mean time is measured from A) 0 degrees latitude. B) 0 degrees longitude. C) 90 degrees latitude. D) 180 degrees longitude. E) 90 degrees longitude.

b) 0 degrees longitude

the art and science of making maps is A) cardemography. B) cartography. C) topography. D) geomorphology. E) geography.

b) Cartography

the first person to write the word geography was A) Aristotle. B) Eratosthenes. C) Strabo. D) Thales of Miletus. E) Thucydides.

b) Eratosthenes

which statement is more accurate A) Every meridian is actually a circle rather than a curved line. B) Every meridian is the same length and has the same beginning and end. C) Every parallel begins and ends at the poles. D) Every parallel is the same length. E) Every meridian is distorted by magnetic declination.

b) Every meridian is the same length and has the same beginning and end.

The appearance of different people dressed in sarongs, saris, hijabs, business suits or blue jeans and t-shirts on the streets of New York City suggests A) assimilation. B) acculturation. C) syncretism. D) stimulus diffusion. E) hierarchical diffusion.

b) acculturation

the relationship among people and objects across space is defined as A) scale. B) connection. C) diffusion. D) density. E) location.

b) connection

The frequency of something within a given unit of area is A) concentration. B) density. C) distribution. D) pattern. E) dispersion.

b) density

Moving toward the southwestern border of the United States, Spanish is increasingly spoken in addition to English. What type of region does this gradual change of language reflect? A) formal B) functional C) vernacular D) geo-linguistic E) bilingual

b) functional

globalization of the economy has A) leveled economic differences between places. B) heightened economic differences among places. C) decreased investment in less developed countries. D) drained resources from more developed countries. E) decreased regional specialization of production.

b) heightened economic differences among places

A branch of human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meaning is A) Poststructuralist Geography. B) Humanistic Geography. C) Behavioral Geography. D) Feminist Geography. E) Regulation Theory.

b) humanistic geography

Spatial organization by ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation are examples of cultural A) nodes. B) identity. C) toponyms. D) geotagging. E) meridians.

b) identity

when geographers say that the south is partly defined as a region by the baptist church, they understand that A) low educational attainment and economic factors are not as important as religion in determining the boundaries and characteristics of this region. B) the Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Methodist, and other churches also attract adherents in the South, but to a lesser extent than do Baptist churches. C) the Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Methodist, and other churches attract almost no adherents because the Baptist Church has obtained such a high amount of power and state support there. D) the Presbyterian, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Methodist, and other churches are supported by the state governments of the South. E) Christian legislators in state governments do not let religious convictions and related biases interfere with their work.

b) the presbyterian, roman catholic, methodist, and other churches also attract adherents in the south, but to a lesser extent than do baptist churches

The state of Texas is best considered a formal region because A) only one language is spoken in most of the cities of the region. B) the same state laws apply everywhere in the region. C) religion is the same everywhere in the region. D) transportation systems converge in the major highways of the region. E) it is a part of the United States.

b) the same state laws apply everywhere in the region

what elements of study to human and physical geography have in common A) They are taught or studied within the same department in major universities, but only rarely. B) They are concerned with where things occur and why they occur where they do. C) They are dedicated primarily to managing national park systems. D) They are focused primarily on managing the world's growing human population. E) They represent a network of academic professionals dedicated primarily to studying coal mining's effects on physical and human systems.

b) they are concerned with where things occur and why they occur where they do

Variations in ________ are responsible for producing weather conditions like monsoons. A) topography B) wind direction C) population D) land use E) dew points

b) wind direction

a geographer might use a GPS to A) log the locations where photographs were taken, but not to find the best route to a store. B) make a map but not to drive a car. C) find the best route to a store or log the locations where photographs were taken. D) record toponyms and terracentric calculations. E) make a map or find a route to a favorite store, but not to log the locations where photographs were taken over the course of a research project.

c) find the best route to a store or log the locations where photographs were taken

Without glancing at a map, we can guess that the coordinates 178 E longitude, 20 S latitude are likely A) just east of the International Date Line in the Pacific Ocean. B) in the Pacific Ocean just north of the equator. C) in the Pacific Ocean just west of the International Date Line. D) just west of the prime meridian in the Atlantic Ocean. E) just south of the equator in the Atlantic Ocean.

c) in the pacific ocean just west of the int date line

a mental map A) requires that a person be in a particular location to draw the map. B) is a map created using a GIS. C) is a personal representation of a location. D) is limited by citizen science. E) is the same thing as participatory GIS.

c) is a personal representation of a location

Without looking at a map, we might deduce that the coordinates 170 W longitude, 11 S latitude are likely A) just west of the International Date Line and just north of the equator. B) just south of the equator and just east of the prime meridian. C) just east of the International Date Line and just south of the equator. D) just east of the prime meridian and just south of the equator. E) just south of the International Date Line and just east of the equator.

c) just east of the international date line and just south of the equator

which of the following does NOT distinguish Geographers from historians according to Immanuel Kant A) Geographers organize material spatially while historians organize material chronologically. B) Geographers identify the location and explain why human activities are there while historians focus on chronological events at a particular location. C) Geographers ask "where and why" and historians ask "when and why." D) Geographers examine the world as a whole while historians segment the world into regions for easier examination. E) Geographers recognize actions at one location can influenc

d) geographers examine the world as a whole while historians segment the world into regions for easier examination

This mapping process has led to concerns about privacy A) participatory GIS B) citizen science C) mashup production D) geotagging E) remote sensing

d) geotagging

which of the following statements is most correct in regarding the origin of geography A) Geography was invented as a science in the late eighteenth century. B) Physical geography has been studied since ancient times, but human geography was first studied in the twentieth century. C) Geography owes its existence to the Renaissance period in Western Europe. D) Humans have practiced geography at least since the time of ancient Greek civilization. E) Human geography was not practiced until powerful computers capable of mapping detailed information were invented.

d) humans have practiced geography at least since the times of the ancient greek civilization

dating back to approx 6000BCE we can judge that A) fairly accurate navigational maps could only be produced after the start of the Industrial Revolution. B) the first "true" maps appeared because of modern printing presses in the twentieth century. C) sailors during the European Renaissance had paper maps that were far more useful to them than were the "stick charts" possessed by Polynesian sailors and fishers. D) maps have appeared in many forms in different societies and times, including modern paper maps, GPS in cars, and the urban maps of ancient Turkey. E) maps that distort the sizes of Greenland and Antarctica are generally the best, although they make Africa and South America appear too small while simultaneously expanding the size of Europe.

d) maps have appeared in many forms in different societies and times, including modern paper maps, GPS in cars, and the urban maps of ancient turkey

which is NOT true A) Scale is the relationship between a portion of the earth being studied and the whole earth. B) Space refers to the physical gap between two objects. C) Place is a specific point on earth distinguished by specific qualities. D) Space and place are the same thing. E) Scale may be represented by a city block, a neighborhood, a city boundary or an entire metropolitan. area.

d) space and place are the same thing

which of the following could be a vernacular region A) a sports "conference" or area within which sports teams compete with one another B) the area of dominance of a television station C) the market area of a supermarket D) the area of dominance of a certain worldview or philosophy E) the area served by a pizza delivery person

d) the area of dominance of a certain worldview or philosophy

which of the following is most likely a functional region A) an area where new ideas seem to be circulating the fastest B) the area of dominance of a particular church or sect C) the area that a person regards as a hometown D) the area of dominance of a television station E) area where people tend to be fans of a particular professional football team

d) the area of dominance of a television station

scale is A) the system used by geographers to transfer locations from a globe to a map. B) the spread of a phenomenon over a given area. C) the difference in elevation between two points in an area. D) the relationship between the length of an object on a map and that feature on the landscape. E) the ratio of the largest to smallest areas on a map.

d) the relationship between the length of an object on a map and that feature on the landscape

The name of a location on Earth's surface is a A) scale name. B) site. C) situation. D) toponym. E) geonym.

d) toponym

Site identifies a place by its A) location relative to other objects and places. B) mathematical location on Earth's surface. C) nominal location. D) unique physical characteristics. E) primary dimensions.

d) unique physical characteristics