AP Human Geography- Chapter 12 Services

Define hinterland.

Area surrounding services from which customers are attracted

What is rank-size rule?

Country's nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of largest settlement

Explain the relationship between industrial revolution and urbanization.

Industrial Revolution caused businesses to cluster in world cities, which attracted people becuase of job oppurtunities

Define city state.

a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland

Why was the long lot system developed?

access to water

When the Roman Empire fell the size of what decreased?

urban settlements

Explain periodic markets.

when vendors assemble on certain days- common in LDCs- frequency depends on culture

When defining cities based on business services the ordered hierarchy is what?

world cities command and control centers specialized producer-service centers dependent center

What was the effect of the enclosure movement on agricultre?

brought greater agricultureal efficiency

Define/identify linear settlements.

buildings clustered among main road (French long lot)

The most likely religious reason for the origin of early settlements was what?

bury dead and perform religious rituals

What are world cities?

cities that are most closely integrated into the global economic system becuase they are at the center of the flow of information and capital

European medieval settlements were oriented around a what?

common area

What types of services account for ⅔ of MDC GDP?

consumer

What were the impacts of the global recession in 2008?

decline in world GDP (mainly MDCs)

Define range.

distance customer is willing to travel to use a service

R. Florida's research showed a relationship between what things?

distribution of talent and distribution of diversity

Dispersed rural settlements found in North American rural areas are comprised by what things?

diversity of people, Midwest, different culture, cheap land

What are the characteristics of primate city countries?

dominant in population, economy, culture, and politics mostly in LDCs more centralized

Market areas are represented by what shape?

hexagons

Explain L. Wirth's characteristics of an urban settlement.

large size, high density, social heterogeneity

Define/identify primate cities.

largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second largest

Basic industries can stimulate what?

local economy (economic growth)

Social heterogeneity means that you feel _________ and ________ in a crowd

lonely isolated

2 benefits that LDC sercive providers offer financial services.

low taxes privacy laws

2 factors that influence if backroom services will locate in LDCs.

low wages and ability to speak English

Central Place can also be identified as what?

market service area

Define threshold.

minimum number of people to support a service

Market Service Areas are examples of what type fo region?

nodal

What are problems associated with primate city countries?

not enough money for variety fo services/no transportation

Apply the rank size rule.

nth largest settlement is the 1/n the population of the largest settlement

What is the analog method (market share)?

number of competitive stores nearby

Explain the gravity model.

population1 x population 2/distance2 predicts optimal location of a service

What are the elements of urbanization?

process by which urban population grows increase in number of people living in cities increase in percentage of people living in cities

Define off shore services.

provides low taxes and protection for US citizen's money

Know/identify public services.

public school educators, federal and state/local governement employees

State capitol cities most likely specialize in what type of services?

public services

Explain the relationship between range and lower order and high order services.

range is the distance a consumer is willing to travel the lower order is short distance (grovery, gas) and high order is long distance (arena, hospital)

Know/identify consumer services.

retail, education (private schools), health services, leisure/hospitality

Globally most people live in what type of settlements?

rural

Why are call centers found in India?

saves money because it is cheaper and their second language is english

Define enclosure movement.

seizure of common land and change to private property

What technical improvements have allowed back room services to locate in LDCs?

telecommunications

Optimal location for a service in a linear settlement.

the median

What region of colonial America most likely had clustered rural settlements?

New England towns

Define basic industry.

export primarily to consumers outside the settlement

Identify basic economic activities.

exported goods, mining, retail, construction

Know/identify business services.

financial (finance, real estate) professional (law, accounting) transportation/informational services (trucking, publishing, broadcasting)

What type of services do business services provide?

financial, professional, transportation and informational service

2 key dimensions of urbanization.

increase in nunber of people living in cities increase in percentage of people living in cities

Explain the effect of the enclosure movement on settlement patterns.

it forced displaced farmers to move to urban settlements

Define back room services.

outsourcing difficult jobs to LDCs (insurance claims, payroll management)

Of the 10 biggest cities today how many are found in MDCs?

2

Where are off shore and back room services located?

LDCs/islands (Cayman Islands, Antilles, Bahamas)

Which areas were considered to be hearths of urban settlements?

Mesopotamia

Define/identify clustered settlements.

everyone lives in a small area where the farmland was close and is classified as circular or linear