AP Human Geography- Chapter 12 Services
Define hinterland.
Area surrounding services from which customers are attracted
What is rank-size rule?
Country's nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of largest settlement
Explain the relationship between industrial revolution and urbanization.
Industrial Revolution caused businesses to cluster in world cities, which attracted people becuase of job oppurtunities
Define city state.
a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland
Why was the long lot system developed?
access to water
When the Roman Empire fell the size of what decreased?
urban settlements
Explain periodic markets.
when vendors assemble on certain days- common in LDCs- frequency depends on culture
When defining cities based on business services the ordered hierarchy is what?
world cities command and control centers specialized producer-service centers dependent center
What was the effect of the enclosure movement on agricultre?
brought greater agricultureal efficiency
Define/identify linear settlements.
buildings clustered among main road (French long lot)
The most likely religious reason for the origin of early settlements was what?
bury dead and perform religious rituals
What are world cities?
cities that are most closely integrated into the global economic system becuase they are at the center of the flow of information and capital
European medieval settlements were oriented around a what?
common area
What types of services account for ⅔ of MDC GDP?
consumer
What were the impacts of the global recession in 2008?
decline in world GDP (mainly MDCs)
Define range.
distance customer is willing to travel to use a service
R. Florida's research showed a relationship between what things?
distribution of talent and distribution of diversity
Dispersed rural settlements found in North American rural areas are comprised by what things?
diversity of people, Midwest, different culture, cheap land
What are the characteristics of primate city countries?
dominant in population, economy, culture, and politics mostly in LDCs more centralized
Market areas are represented by what shape?
hexagons
Explain L. Wirth's characteristics of an urban settlement.
large size, high density, social heterogeneity
Define/identify primate cities.
largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second largest
Basic industries can stimulate what?
local economy (economic growth)
Social heterogeneity means that you feel _________ and ________ in a crowd
lonely isolated
2 benefits that LDC sercive providers offer financial services.
low taxes privacy laws
2 factors that influence if backroom services will locate in LDCs.
low wages and ability to speak English
Central Place can also be identified as what?
market service area
Define threshold.
minimum number of people to support a service
Market Service Areas are examples of what type fo region?
nodal
What are problems associated with primate city countries?
not enough money for variety fo services/no transportation
Apply the rank size rule.
nth largest settlement is the 1/n the population of the largest settlement
What is the analog method (market share)?
number of competitive stores nearby
Explain the gravity model.
population1 x population 2/distance2 predicts optimal location of a service
What are the elements of urbanization?
process by which urban population grows increase in number of people living in cities increase in percentage of people living in cities
Define off shore services.
provides low taxes and protection for US citizen's money
Know/identify public services.
public school educators, federal and state/local governement employees
State capitol cities most likely specialize in what type of services?
public services
Explain the relationship between range and lower order and high order services.
range is the distance a consumer is willing to travel the lower order is short distance (grovery, gas) and high order is long distance (arena, hospital)
Know/identify consumer services.
retail, education (private schools), health services, leisure/hospitality
Globally most people live in what type of settlements?
rural
Why are call centers found in India?
saves money because it is cheaper and their second language is english
Define enclosure movement.
seizure of common land and change to private property
What technical improvements have allowed back room services to locate in LDCs?
telecommunications
Optimal location for a service in a linear settlement.
the median
What region of colonial America most likely had clustered rural settlements?
New England towns
Define basic industry.
export primarily to consumers outside the settlement
Identify basic economic activities.
exported goods, mining, retail, construction
Know/identify business services.
financial (finance, real estate) professional (law, accounting) transportation/informational services (trucking, publishing, broadcasting)
What type of services do business services provide?
financial, professional, transportation and informational service
2 key dimensions of urbanization.
increase in nunber of people living in cities increase in percentage of people living in cities
Explain the effect of the enclosure movement on settlement patterns.
it forced displaced farmers to move to urban settlements
Define back room services.
outsourcing difficult jobs to LDCs (insurance claims, payroll management)
Of the 10 biggest cities today how many are found in MDCs?
2
Where are off shore and back room services located?
LDCs/islands (Cayman Islands, Antilles, Bahamas)
Which areas were considered to be hearths of urban settlements?
Mesopotamia
Define/identify clustered settlements.
everyone lives in a small area where the farmland was close and is classified as circular or linear