AP II_21007 Lect_ Chapter 17 Endocrine Sytem _ Tophat
Describe several main differences in the communication methods used by the endocrine system and the nervous system.
Endocrine System Nervous System Signaling mech Chemical Chemical/ electrical Primary chemical Hormone Neurotransmitters signal Distance traveled long or short always short Response time fast or slow always fast Environment targeted Internal Internal or external
The production of melatonin is inhibited by . a declining levels of light b exposure to bright light Your answer c the secretion of serotonin d the activity of pinealocytes
exposure to bright light
. What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? a chromaffin cells Your answer b neuroglial cells c follicle cells d oxyphil cells
chromaffin cells
If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected? a somatostatin b pancreatic polypeptide c insulin d glucagon
glucagon
In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes . a increased tolerance for cold b decreased basal metabolic rate Your answer c decreased body fat d osteoporosis
decreased basal metabolic rate
Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the . a development of T cells Your answer b preparation of the body for childbirth c regulation of appetite d release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
development of T cells
. Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a ADH b oxytocin c TSH Your answer d cortisol
TSH
The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by . a TSH from the hypothalamus b TSH from the anterior pituitary Your answer c thyroxine from the anterior pituitary d thyroglobulin from the thyroid's parafollicular cells
TSH from the anterior pituitary
Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance? a adrenocorticotropic hormone b antidiuretic hormone Your answer c luteinizing hormone d all of the above
antidiuretic hormone
Steroid hormones: a Are based on cholesterol b Are based on tyrosine c Are water-soluble d Require second messengers to exert their effects on target cells
are based on cholesterol
The walls of the atria produce which hormone? a cholecystokinin b atrial natriuretic peptide Your answer c renin d calcitriol
atrial natriuretic peptide
Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their . a blood calcium levels b secretion of growth hormone c blood oxygen levels Your answer d muscle mass
blood oxygen levels
The gonads produce what class of hormones? a amine hormones b peptide hormones c steroid hormones Your answer d catecholamines
steroid hormones
The end result of the RAAS is to . a reduce blood volume b increase blood glucose c reduce blood pressure d increase blood pressure
increase blood pressure
The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone? a estrogens b progesterone c relaxin d inhibin
inhibin
Which of the following statements about insulin is true? a Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane. b Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. Your answer c Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. d Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.
insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.
The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer? a oral ectoderm Your answer b neural ectoderm c mesoderm d endoderm
oral ectoderm
. Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called . a autocrine b paracrine Your answer c endocrine d neuron
paracrine
What cells secrete melatonin? a melanocytes b pinealocytes Your answer c suprachiasmatic nucleus cells d retinal cells
pinealocytes
Which of the following responses is not part of the fight-or-flight response? a pupil dilation b increased oxygen supply to the lungs c suppressed digestion d reduced mental activity
reduced mental activity
. How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 0 Your answer b 1 c 2 d 6
0
The adrenal cortex produces ______________. Multiple answers:Multiple answers are accepted for this question a Cortisol b Corticosterone c Aldosterone d Androstenedione
Cortisol Corticosterone Aldosterone Androstenedione
Compare and contrast endocrine and exocrine glands.
Endocrine glands are ductless. They release their secretion into the surrounding fluid, from which it enters the bloodstream or lymph to travel to distant cells. Moreover, the secretions of endocrine glands are hormones. Exocrine glands release their secretions through a duct that delivers the secretion to the target location. Moreover, the secretions of exocrine glands are not hormones, but compounds that have an immediate physiologic function. For example, pancreatic juice contains enzymes that help digest food.
The development of a goiter indicates that . a the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged b there is hypertrophy of the thyroid's follicle cells c there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles Your answer d the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone
There is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles
A tumor in what tissue would cause Grave's disease? a Kidney b Adrenal gland c Pancreas d Parathyroid e Thyroid
Thyroid
Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by . a abnormally low levels of cortisol b abnormally high levels of cortisol Your answer c abnormally low levels of aldosterone d abnormally high levels of aldosterone
abnormally high level of cortisol
Iodide ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via . a simple diffusion b facilitated diffusion c active transport Your answer d osmosis
active transport
A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP? a The hormone will not be able to bind to the hormone receptor. b Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated. Your answer c Excessive quantities of cAMP will be produced. d The phosphorylation cascade will be initiated.
adenylyl cyclase will not be activated
Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? a It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx. b The parathyroid glands are embedded within it. c It manufactures three hormones. d all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? a increased bone deposition b fractures Your answer c convulsions d all of the above
fractures
The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ? a thyroid b liver c kidneys Your answer d hypothalamus
kidneys
The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of . Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a blood vessels b nerve axons Your answer c cartilage d bone
nerve axons
A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive? a humoral b hormonal c neural Your answer d positive feedback
neural
The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to a prepare the breasts for lactation Your answer b nourish the placenta c regulate the menstrual cycle d all of the above
prepare the breasts for lactation
Which of the following is not a steroid hormone? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Estrogen b Aldosterone c Cortisol d Prolactin e Testosterone
prolactin
endocrine glands a secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs b release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft c secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream Your answer d include sebaceous glands and sweat glands
secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates . a urinary excretion of calcium by the kidneys b a reduction in calcium absorption from the intestines c the activity of osteoblasts d the activity of osteoclasts
the activity of osteoclasts
A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of. a melatonin b thyroid hormone Your answer c growth hormone d insulin
thyroid hormone