ap psych memory
Research suggests that a memory trace is most likely to involve
synaptic changes
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
recall; recognition
Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of
rehearsal
The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by
retrieval failure
Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r-e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as
priming
Which of the following questions about the word depressed would best prepare you to correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen the word on today's test?
How well does the word describe you?
For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates ________
echoic
Déjà vu refers to the
eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation or event
Although Arturo has looked at his watch thousands of times, he is unable to recall whether the watch features Arabic or Roman numerals. This is most likely due to a failure in
encoding
The process of getting information into memory is called
encoding
Although Mr. Yanagita has recently learned to play poker quite well, he cannot consciously remember ever having played poker. It is likely that he has suffered damage to his
hippocampus
On the telephone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items
in the middle of the list
The process of getting information out of memory is called
retrieval
Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called
retrieval cues
Learning a new ATM password may block the recall of a familiar old password. This illustrates
retroactive interference
As a child, Andre dreamed that he was chased and attacked by a ferocious dog. Many years later, he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened to him. Andre's false recollection best illustrates
source amnesia.
Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by
context effects
By presenting research participants with three rows of three letters each for only a fraction of a second, Sperling demonstrated that people have ________ memory
iconic
Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle without any conscious recollection that one can do so best illustrates ________ memory.
implicit
Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially
rapid and subsequently slows down
Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory
short-term
You are most likely to automatically encode information about
the sequence of your day's events.
Long-term potentiation refers to
an increase in a neuron's firing potential.
Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inns by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as
chunking
Compared with formerly depressed people, those who are currently depressed are more likely to recall their parents as rejecting and punitive. This best illustrates
mood-congruent memory
. Professor Maslova has so many memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The professor's difficulty best illustrates
proactive interference
The accuracy of the flashbulb memories of those who witnessed the 2010 earthquake in Haiti best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by
the body's release of stress hormones.
After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident, several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case. This provides an example of
the misinformation effect
Which of the following is the best definition of the modern memory model "connectionism"?
the view that memory emerges from interconnected neural networks
To recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory, researchers have characterized it as ________ memory.
working