ap psych memory

Research suggests that a memory trace is most likely to involve

synaptic changes

Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.

recall; recognition

Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of

rehearsal

The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by

retrieval failure

Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r-e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as

priming

Which of the following questions about the word depressed would best prepare you to correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen the word on today's test?

How well does the word describe you?

For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates ________

echoic

Déjà vu refers to the

eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation or event

Although Arturo has looked at his watch thousands of times, he is unable to recall whether the watch features Arabic or Roman numerals. This is most likely due to a failure in

encoding

The process of getting information into memory is called

encoding

Although Mr. Yanagita has recently learned to play poker quite well, he cannot consciously remember ever having played poker. It is likely that he has suffered damage to his

hippocampus

On the telephone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items

in the middle of the list

The process of getting information out of memory is called

retrieval

Words, events, places, and emotions that trigger our memory of the past are called

retrieval cues

Learning a new ATM password may block the recall of a familiar old password. This illustrates

retroactive interference

As a child, Andre dreamed that he was chased and attacked by a ferocious dog. Many years later, he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened to him. Andre's false recollection best illustrates

source amnesia.

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

context effects

By presenting research participants with three rows of three letters each for only a fraction of a second, Sperling demonstrated that people have ________ memory

iconic

Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle without any conscious recollection that one can do so best illustrates ________ memory.

implicit

Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially

rapid and subsequently slows down

Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory

short-term

You are most likely to automatically encode information about

the sequence of your day's events.

Long-term potentiation refers to

an increase in a neuron's firing potential.

Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inns by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as

chunking

Compared with formerly depressed people, those who are currently depressed are more likely to recall their parents as rejecting and punitive. This best illustrates

mood-congruent memory

. Professor Maslova has so many memories of former students that she has difficulty remembering the names of new students. The professor's difficulty best illustrates

proactive interference

The accuracy of the flashbulb memories of those who witnessed the 2010 earthquake in Haiti best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by

the body's release of stress hormones.

After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident, several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case. This provides an example of

the misinformation effect

Which of the following is the best definition of the modern memory model "connectionism"?

the view that memory emerges from interconnected neural networks

To recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory, researchers have characterized it as ________ memory.

working