AP Psych Midterm Ch 1-5

As you leave class, you hear the teacher mention the next class will deal with the largest of the limbic system structures and one which is also implicated in the acquisition of memories. The most likely topic for the next class will be

"Characteristics of the hippocampus"

An average child, whose mental and chronological are are the same has an IQ of

100

The English language has approximately how many phonemes

45

In a normal curve, about what percent of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean

68 percent

Our short-term memory span is approximately BLANK items

7

The sleep cycle is approximately how many minutes

90

When people try to solve problems, they tend to think of objects or things only in terms of their usual functions. This impediment to problem solving is known as

A fixation

After using the same mathematical formula to solve the first nine problems of her homework, Breanna automatically starts problem number 10 using the same solution strategy. She is demonstrating

A mental set

Walter has been having considerable trouble with his sort-term memory. His family has noticed that he has been having trouble remembering several things that were not a problem in the past (leaving doors unlocked, forgetting his family member's names, getting lost in his neighborhood) Which of the following neurotransmitters are linked to memory

ACh

Most experts view intelligence as a person's

Ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations

The process by which the lens changes its curvature is

Accommodation

Test of WHAT measure what an individual can do now, whereas tests of WHAT predict what an individual will be able to do later

Achievement; aptitude

A rat jumps each time it sees a green light flash, because the green light always appears just before an electric shock. In classical conditioning, the initial learning of the connection between the light and the shock is referred to as

Acquisition

Which of these is classified as a depressant Meth LSD Weed Nicotine Alcohol

Alcohol

The clinic where Julian works has specific, step-by-step procedures, or WHAT, for admitting patients to the hospital

Algorithms

Irene is having trouble convincing her husband that spanking their children isn't necessarily the best way to control their behavior. Which of the following arguments should she use to support her position 1. When spanked, children do not forget the punished behavior, they simply suppress it. They are not taught what behavior to exhibit in its place 2. Spanking provides a model of aggressive behavior as a tool for problem solving 3. Spanking can create fear in children 4. Children begin to indirectly believe they are powerless in their decision-making 5. All of the above arguments support Irene's position

All of the above arguments support Irene's position

The relatively slow waves of a relaxed, awake state are called

Alpha waves

In the climax of the Alfred Hitchcock thriller, Psycho, you are in a state of extreme fear. If views on a PET scan, which area of your brain old be bright white (or highly stimulated)

Amygdala

Which neural center in the limbic system plays a central role in emotion such as fear and aggression

Amygdala

A spoonerism is

An exchange of the initial sounds of two or more words in a phrase or sentence

Intelligence tests asses WHAT when they present well-defined problems having a single right answer

Analytical intelligence

Which of the following illustrates the serial position effect 1. The only name Kenzie remembers from the people she met at the part is Spencer because she thought he was particularly good looking 2. Kim has trouble remembering information from the book's first unit when she reviews for semester finals 3. it's easy for Bryce to remember that carbon's atomic num,her is 6 because his birthday is on December 6 4. Kyle was not able to remember the names of all of his new co-workers after one week on the job, but he could remember them after two weeks 5. Anna is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as well as she remembers the first or last words on the list

Anna is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as she remembers the first or last words on the list

Psychiatrists differ from psychologists in that they

Are medical doctors licensed to perscribe medication

Which of the following is a positive correlation

As study time decreases, student achieve lower grades

In an experiment on attention that is described in the textbook, researchers attempted to create visual displays that would put goal-directed selection and stimulus-driven capture into competition. The findings suggest that

At least in some circumstances, stimulus-driven capture wins out over goal-directed selection

Heartbeat, digestion, and other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the

Autonomic nervous system

Cocaine and crack produce a euphoric rush by

Blocking the reuptake of dopamine in brain cells

Julie had leukemia as a child and had to undergo numerous rounds of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy always made her nauseous. As she went through a year of treatment, the waiting room started to maker her nauseous. The waiting room has now become her

CS (Conditioned stimulus)

Jessica experienced difficulty keeping her balance after receiving a blow to the back of the head. It is likely that she injured her

Cerebellum

According to the article on school start times, researchers recommend that school districts

Change morning start times to the latest possible time to be in sync with teenagers' circadian rhythm

"Organisms that are better suited to their environments are more likely to pass on their genes that are organisms with poorer adaptations." this statement reflects a basic idea underlying

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution

"My studies have shown that in fact there is only one factor, let us call it g, underlying all intelligence." The psychologist who would have most likely uttered this statement is

Charles Spearman

What do Albert Bandura's Bono doll experiments demonstrate

Children are more likely to imitate the behavior of adults

The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are three tiny bones that transmit vibrations to the

Cochlea

Latent learning is evidence for which of these conclusions

Cognition plays an important role in operant conditioning

Even when grass is seen through sunglasses, it appears equally as green as it does without glasses

Color constancy

The ponzu illusion is created as the result of the way the visual system interprets

Converging lines

The clear, transparent protective coating over the front part of the eye is

Cornea

A bundle of nerve fibers that interconnects the two brain hemispheres is the

Corpus Callosum

What is an example of a psychologically induced altered state of consciousness

Debra has just entered a state of hypnosis with the aid of a psychologist

The correct order of the structures of a motor neuron is:

Dendrites, cell body, axon, terminal branches

A person who is fearful of rattlesnakes but not garden snakes is exhibiting

Discrimination learning

Seely is an interior designer who recently created a "new look" in a living room for a client. She thought through a number of options, all of which would create a beautiful effect. Creating a workable design in which many solutions could be considered correct is an example of

Divergent thinking

Dr. Marshall hired James to collect data from a group of subjects. Neither James nor the subjects were aware of the independent variable that Dr. Marshall had manipulated. This was an example of

Double- blind control

In a study of TV viewing that is described in the textbook, researchers measured the extent to which children watched programs with violent content, then interviewed those same children 15 years later. Analysis of the data revealed that

Early TV viewing caused later aggression

The Law of Effect states that rewarded behavior is likely to recur is which psychologist's principle

Edward Thorndike

Which of the following statements is most typical of the approach of a cognitive therapist 1. "Let's go back to your statement about your happiness as a child" 2. "When you say 'No one likes me' that's illogical, because you do have close friends" 3. What I hear you saying is you are angry, and I can hear the frustration in your voice" 4. I'm going to start teaching you to relax, and then we'll slowly deal with your phobia" 5. "I think that prescribing you an SSRI will increase your positive mood over the next few weeks"

Either: "when you say 'no one likes me' that's illogical, because you do have close friends" OR "I'm going to start teaching you how to relax, and then we'll slowly deal with your phobia"

The pain of childbirth is most likely to be reduced by the accelerated release of

Endorphins

The theory of dissociation when a person divides their consciousness during hypnosis as a means of social influence and a hypnotic state is presented by

Ernest Hilgard

Imagine being a participant in one of Titchener's early studies of conscious experience. What would you most likely be asked to do?

Examine your thoughts and feelings about sensory experiences

Factors associated with creativity include

Expertise and a venturesome personality

To obtain objective information, researchers sometimes must deceive their subjects. Ethically, research involving deception must always

Explain the deception to the subjects after the delta are collected and obtain their informed consent to use the information obtained

Jack checks his phone every 30 minutes for incoming text messages. his behavior is being maintained by what kind of reinforcement schedule

Fixed-Interval

A man and a woman are farm workers. The man is paid every week for his work, while the woman is paid for every two bushels of fruit she picks. The man is under a WHAT schedule of reinforcement and the woman is under a WHAT schedule of reinforcement

Fixed-interval; fixed-ratio

At their high school reunion, many attendees recalled exactly where they were 20 years before when they realized the school was on fire. Strong memories of an emotionally significant moment are referred to as

Flashbulb memories

A person's ability to reason speedily and abstractly decreases slowly up to about age 75, then rapidly, especially after age 85. This type of competence is known as

Fluid intelligence

Secondary reinforcers are a powerful tool for shaping behavior because they have become associated with primary reinforcers. Which of the following is NOT a secondary reinforcer 1. Praise 2. Food 3. Money 4. Opportunities 5. Grades

Food

Benjamin was born in 1937, he scored a 130 on an intelligence test. What was Ben's mental age when he took the test

Formula: mental age/chronological age x 100 13

People have about _______ periods of REM sleep each night, and these periods _____ in length with each sleep cycle

Four to six; increase

The central focus point in the retina where cones are heavily concentrated is known as

Fovea

People are more concerned about a medical procedure when told it has a 10% death rate then they are when told it has a 90% survival rate. Which psychological concept explains this difference in concern

Framing

What emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

Gestalt psychologists

Nerve cells in the brain receive life-supporting nutrients and insulating myelin from

Glial cells

Raymond's wife cannot sleep through the night. She claims that her husband seem to stop breathing in his sleep and the suddenly jerks awake, gasping for breath. This not only disturbs his sleep, it also awakens her. It is likely that Raymond

Has sleep apnea

A volunteer takes part in an interesting sleep experiment. Every time she begins to exhibit rapid eye movements, the experimenter wakes her up. On the following night, it is likely that the volunteer will

Have more REM sleep than usual

Noah stays up very late most Saturday nights. He finds getting up on Monday mornings very difficult because he often sleeps until noon on Sunday and has trouble going to sleep at a reasonable time on Sunday night. What advice would you give him to help him with his Monday morning problems

He should try to maintain the same bedtime throughout the week

Ever since she was a little girl, a teenager has been a troublemaker. A psychologist who favors the behaviorist is would most likely explain her behavior in terms or what

Her previous behavior and its consequences

A child was tested by Binet. Her test results indicated that she had a mental age of 5. What does this mean

Her score is the same as the average score of a group of 5-year-olds

"Monday morning quarterbacks" rarely act surprised about the outcome of the weekend football games. This tendency to believe they knew how the game would turn out is best explained by which psychological principle

Hindsight bias

Three-year-old Marcus suffered damage to the speech area of the brain's left hemisphere when he fell from a swing. Research suggests that

His right hemisphere may take over much of the language function

Rosemary is a one-year old who is starting to speak. When her dad gives her lunch she points to the blueberries and says the word, "more." Her speech is typical of the WHAT stage of language

Holophrastic

Each day in class, Dr. Helms explains to his students that they are wonderful whether they are academic successes or failures. He also points out that each student is an individual and they can do great things and don't have to be measured against their peers. Dr. Helms is most likely what

Humanist psychologist

Which of the following best describes Chomsky's view of language development

Humans have a biological predisposition to acquire language

What is true about hypnosis

Hypnosis is in part an extension of the division between conscious awareness and automatic

A testable prediction that drives research is known as a

Hypothesis

The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Savannah has a chance to write down the complete address. To her surprise however, she has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit ZIP code. Her experience best illustrates

Iconic memory

Visual sensory memory is referred to as

Iconic memory

Which of the following observations provides the BEST evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by environment

Identical twins reared apart are less similar in their intelligence scores than identical twins reared together

Our unconscious capacity for learning how to do something is known as WHAT memory

Implicit

One main difference between punishment and reinforcement is that the goal of reinforcement is to WHAT behavior, while the goal of punishment is to WHAT behavior

Increase; decrease

A researcher believes that there is a relationship between the frequency of a baby's crying and whether it was fed at set intervals or on a demand schedule. If this theory were tested by experimentally manipulating feeding schedules, the feeding schedule would be called the:

Independent variable

Nature is to nurture as

Innate tendencies are to social experience

Debbie needs to change a flat tire by herself, which she has never done before. She has all the necessary tools, but at first cannot make any sense of how to use them to change the tire. All of the sudden she understands what needs to be done. This sudden understanding is referred to by psychologists as

Insight

A man has problems sleeping. He rarely falls asleep quickly, is frequently aroused during sleep, and wakens too early in the morning. It is most likely that the man is suffering from

Insomnia

What refers to the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude

Intensity

Using Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence as a guide, one would expect that an expert salesperson would be high in WHAT intelligence and an expert dancer would be high in WHAT intelligence

Interpersonal; bodily-kinesthetic

The peripheral nervous system

Is the part of the nervous system that does not include the brain and the spinal cord

kinesthetic receptors are located in their

Joints, muscles, and tendons

While you are jogging in the park, the scene of a family enjoying a picnic catches your eye. After you turn away, the image of the family will

Last for about 1 second

The best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps come from studies of

Latent learning

The increase in synaptic firing that contributes to memory formation is known as

Long-term potentiation

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to

Look for information that is consistent with one's beliefs

The place theory of pitch perception cannot account for how we hear

Low pitched sounds

Which technique uses special radio receivers to detect information from resonating atoms in order to assess brain anatomy

MRI

Maggie is writing an article about her school's new cell-phone policy, and she'd like to interview a random sample of students. Which of the following is the best example of a random sample?

Maggie pulls the names of five students from a hat that contains all students' names. She interviews the five selected students

A man in convicted of being a serial killer. A psychologist who favors the biological perspective would be MOST likely to look for the determinants of the killer's behavior in the

Man's brain and nervous system processes

As Sarah recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Sarah's account represents the what content of her dreams

Manifest

Shortly after taking a psychoactive drug, Lucy experienced an increased heart rate, dilated pupils, decreased appetite and an increase in her energy levels. Which of the following did she most likely ingest

Methamphetamine

Suppose you read in a newspaper that someone robbed a store after watching a particularly violent movie. If you were a cognitive psychologist seeking to understand this behavior, you would be most interested in whether the what

Movie affected the thoughts and attitudes of the individual

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that is most directly associated with the degeneration of

Myelin sheath

You would probably be most concerned if you were being driven somewhere by a person who has the sleep disorder called

Narcolpesy

Mr. Gentry was supervising lunch duty and noticed a group of 4 boys budging their way to the front of the line because it was chicken patties for lunch. Because of their behavior, Mr. Gentry moved them to the very back of the line. Which of the following conditioners best describes the scenario

Negative punishment

John Watson believed that psychology should be the science of

Observable behavior

The visual cortex is located in the

Occipital lobe

Which of the following is a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures and methods used in a research study

Operational definition

The stroop test is a good example of

Our selective attention triggers interference in brain processing

WHAT is the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously, the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions

Parallel processing

After Donnie realized the "intruder" in his home was just his mother returning unexpectedly, his breathing began to slow down, his heart rate decreased, and his digestion began again. These changes were coordinated by the

Parasympathetic nervous system

Which branch of the nervous system calms a person

Parasympathetic nervous system

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms from a substance are indicative of

Physical dependence

The gland that regulates body growth is the

Pituitary

Herman von Helmholtz said that we hear different pitches because different sound waves trigger activity at different plans along the cochlea's basilar membrane. His theory is called

Place theory

Mrs. Miller will sometimes give a bonus question on her World History tests that related to the chapter, but was not written in the notes or the review. Each section gets a different question, and on some tests, she doesn't give one at all. Mrs. Miller's use of a bonus question best illustrates

Positive reinforcement

A boy does not do particularly well in his schoolwork, but those who know him say that he has "street smarts." He adapts well to new situations, gets along from day-to-day with few problems, and seems to have a knack for getting his needs met. According to Sternberg's theory, he has WHAT intelligence

Practical

Students who do well on college entrance exams generally do well in their first year of college. This helps establish that these exams have

Predictive validity

Proactive interference refers to situations in which

Previously acquired information makes it more difficult to acquire new information

A WHAT is a mental image or best example of all the features we associate with a category

Prototype

Steve, a college sophomore, is seeing a psychologist because of his intense fear or people. His counselor feels that Steve's fear is a product of unresolved conflicts about his parents, and his childhood experiences of them. Steve's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology?

Psychodynamic

In 1908, Herman Ebbinghaus wrote that "Psychology has a long past, but only a short history." Which statement best captures the idea that Ebbinghaus was expressing?

Questions about human nature have existed for a long time, but only recently have the methods necessary to answer them been developed.

At 3 in the morning, john has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

REM sleep

Dreaming is typically associated with

REM sleep

A researcher who is trying to develop a test of musical aptitude is overheard to say "I want to make sure that the test that I am developing gives similar results time after time." In the language of psychological measurement, this researcher is determined to develop a test that has high what

Reliability

When retested on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), a person's second score generally matches their first score quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of

Reliability

In a study of managers that is describes in the textbook, it was found that the high EQ managers

Report less psychological distress

Reabsorption of the neurotransmitters into the presynaptic neuron is referred to as

Reuptake

Which of the following is NOT an example of a mnemonic device 1. Remembering the name of Peggy by picturing a pirate with a wooden leg 2. Using SODA to remember how to answer an FRQ 3. Recalling, "In fourteen hundred ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue" 4. Thinking of your social security number in sets of 3 or 4 numbers 5. Reviewing your notes on Quizlet

Reviewing your notes on Quizlet

Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence

Samantha, a 9-year old who solves complicated math problems in record time

Jasmine has aphasia experienced damage to her Broca's area. With which of the following is she most likely to have difficulty

Saying her name

Today, psychology is defined as the:

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Your knowledge of when and where the Gettysburg address was given is an example of what memory. Your knowledge of how to drive the car that may take you to the site of the Gettysburg address is an example of what memory

Semantic; procedural

Explicit memory is to long-term as echoic memory is to WHAT memory

Sensory

When you arrived at the gym on Tuesday morning, you notice a musty odor from the showers in the locker room. When you finished changing, you didn't notice the smell. This is probably the result of

Sensory adaptation

The type of memory where information is stored for the shortest period of time is

Sensory memory

A child is practicing scales on his piano. His mother can't wait until he learns to some chords so that she can hear several notes together, rather than one note at a time. In psychological terms, the scales are comparable to WHAT processes and the chords are comparable to WHAT processes

Serial; parallel

Casey learned how to make 3-point shots in basketball by successfully making very short shots before shooting from increasingly longer distances from the hoop. This strategy best illustrates the process of

Shaping

Tom is a trainer who encourages his clients to lose weight. Instead of simply rewarding them when their weight declines, he rewards them each time they behave in wats that would reduce weight; each time they exercise, decline high-calorie foods, or even take the stairs at work. Reinforcing each time one gets closer to a desired behavior is known as

Shaping

Imagine you are listening to your voicemail and a caller has left an important number for you. As you search for a pen to write down the number, your WHAT memory allows you to keep the number in your mind and your WHAT memory allows you to execute the mental operations to accomplish an efficient search

Short-term; working

As you leave the classroom, you see a friend at the end of the hall. although your retinal image of your friend is much smaller than it would be if he were standing right next to you, you do not notice anything unusual about his height. This is most clearly an example of

Size constancy

A lopsided set of scores that includes a number of extreme or unusual values is said to be:

Skewed

Compared to messages delivered by the nervous system, messages delivered by the endocrine system are

Slower to arrive but longer lasting

You know that turning pages of a book, using your pen to take notes, or raising your hand are all possible due to your

Somatic nervous system

Surgical stimulation of the somatosensory cortex might result in the false sensation of what

Someone tickling you

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath

Speed the transmission of information within a neuron

When a teacher compares the performance of her students on the even- odd-numbered questions in a multiple choice test, she is demonstrating

Split-half testing

The bell-shaped distribution of intelligence scores in the general population is called a

Standardization curve

Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to

Suppression of the immune system

Heritability of intelligence refers to

The amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics

When asked, "Is it more dangerous to fly or drive across country?" Many Americans answer "fly." This is most likely due to

The availability heuristic

REM is referred to as paradoxical because

The body's muscles remain relaxed while the brain and eyes are active

The validity of a personality test is best indicated by which of the following

The correlation between test scores and some other relevant measure

When a difference between two groups is "statistically significant" this means that:

The difference is not likely to be due to chance variation

You are baby-sitting your 2-year-old nephew. While your back is turned, he touches the pan you just took out of the oven. He pulls his finger away quickly, and a few seconds later begins to scream. Why is his screaming delayed in comparison to his response of pulling away his finger

The finger-with drawl reflex is faster than the information about pain reaching his brain

The gate control theory attempts to explain how

The nervous system blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain

One person is actually hypnotized, while another is pretending to be hypnotized. The hypnotist then commands both to feel the pain in their shoulders. How will they most likely respond

The one who is hypnotized will be more truthful about his response to pain

Professor Kempt finds out that the results of her study on visual stimuli and activity in the right hemisphere are statistically significant. What does it mean when a study is statistically significant

The outcome is not likely due to chance

What does Herman Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve show about the nature of storage decay

The rate of forgetting decreases as time goes on

You hear that one of the Smith children is an outstanding Little League player and immediately conclude it's their one son rather than any of their four daughters. You reach your quite possibly erroneous conclusion as the result of

The representative heuristic

In his experiments, Pavlov found that spontaneous recovery often occurred after a conditioned response was extinguished if

The tone was sounded again and again while presenting food to the dogs

The best explanation for how we understand and process the high pitch of a violin, with a frequency of more than 1,000 waves per second, comes from

The volley principle

The young-hemholtz theory proposes

There are three different types of color-sensitive cones; red, green, and blue

You read about a program designed to help patients in a psychiatric hospital take better care of themselves and their environment and to engage in more positive social interactions. For engaging in specified behaviors, the patients are given plastic chips that can be exchanged later for rewards and privileges. Such systems are technically known as

Token economies

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

Tolerance

After hearing that brad had served a prison sentence, Jackie began to perceive his genuinely friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of

Top down processing

Blinking in response to a puff of air being directed into your eyes is a

UCR

In classical conditioning, what is the unlearned, naturally occurring reaction to the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS), such as salivation, when food is in the mouth

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Which phrase best describes the concept of phonemes

Units of sounds in a language

Which of the following is an example of the use of heuristics

Using news reports of corporate fraud to estimate how much business fraud occurs in America

Your teacher passes out the test which the syllabus said would be on Chapter 9 and 10. You are shocked to see the test is actually covering chapters 11 and 12. This exam would clearly lack

Validity

Nevin enjoys when his friend Riley joins him for an afternoon jog. Nevin runs each day at 4:00pm, but he does not know which days Riley will accompany him on hours run. Riley's attendance is based on which of the following schedules of reinforcement

Variable-interval

Pop quizzes and random checks of quality help to produce slow, steady responding and are examples of the what schedule of reinforcement

Variable-interval

At Cornell University, Gibson and Walk placed infants on the edge of an illusionary canyon to determine whether crawling infants can perceive depth. The laboratory device used for this experiment is know as the

Visual cliff

It is difficult to distinguish between colors at night because

We are seeing primarily with rods

peter is living weights at the gym. he works out with 100 pounds and then adds 5 pounds but does not notice an increase in weight. he then add 10 pounds and notices an increase in weight. he realizes that if he increases the weight 10 pounds each time, he feels an incr see in the weight. this best illustrates

Weber's law

A tumor cut of blood flow to a small section of Gia's brain, and as a result she struggled to understand the words that were being spoken to her. The damage to Gia's brain was probably localized in her

Wernicke's Area

Damage to what will usually cause a person to lose the ability to comprehend language

Wernicke's area

Which of the following is an example of implicit memory 1. What you had for breakfast yesterday 2. The need to spend some time reviewing tomorrow for an upcoming psychology quiz 3. Which way to turn the car key to start the engine 4. That George Washington was the first President 5. How exciting it was to get the best birthday present ever- a puppy

Which way to turn the car key to start the engine

Who wrote the early textbook PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY

William James

What is newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, as walk as information retrieved from long-term memory

Working memory

Imagine that you and a friend have witnessed an accident. Afterwards, while discussing what was seen, your friend introduces some inaccurate information into his description of the events. If you are like many of the participants in research on eyewitness memory, when questioned at some future date

Your memory is likely to be affected by your friend's inaccurate observations

the opponent process theory is most useful for explaining a characteristic

after-images

if we can apply Mark Rosenweig's research on rats raised in impoverished or enriched environments to humans, then we would encourage humans to live in

an enriched environment even after childhood

In order to determine the effects of a new drug on memory, one group of people is given a pill that contains the drug. The second group is given a sugar pill tha does not contain the drug. The second GROUP constitutes as

control group

the limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the

hypothalamus

an agonist

mimics the action of a neurotransmitter

the stimulus threshold of the neuron refers to the

minimum level of stimulation required to trigger an action potential

A researcher is looking for gender differences in 3-year-olds observed in a preschool class and records how many minutes children of each gender play with dolls. she then compares the two sets of numbers. what type of descriptive research is she conducting?

naturalistic observation

the holiday lights your neighbor had put up fascinate your friend. while they are quite nice, you explain to her that the lights create the illusion of movement using the

phi phenomenon

grace is 84-years old and having trouble with her hearing. she worked in a factory for many years at a time before there were regulations against too-high noise levels. the most likely reason for her sensorineural hearing loss and normal aging and

prolonged exposure to loud noise

imagine that you have gone to the garden to pick a rose. unfortunately, when reaching for a flower, your thumb encounters a throne and you jerk your hand away. what is the order in which information is communicated from the time of the prick through your withdrawal of your hand and your realization of pain?

sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, brain

taking a short cut through the park late one night, you catch a glimpse of movement in the shadows. automatically, your _____ mobilizes your body into action and your ____ tells the muscles in your legs to run

sympathetic nervous system; somatic nervous system

historically speaking, the case of Phineas Gage, a railroad worker who was injured in 1848, is important because it provides the earliest documented evidence for a link between

the brain and complex psychological processes

the central nervous consists of

the brain and the spinal cord

Dendrites transmit messages ____ the cell body, and axons transmit messages _____ the cell body

toward, away from

if your eyes are closed, under what circumstance would locating the source of the sound be LEAST dependent on the relative timing or relative sensitivity.

when the source of the sound is immediately in front of you or above you, midway between the left and right ears