AP psych unit 14 test bank part one
The fundamental attribution error is likely to be restrained by observing someone
in a variety of situations
Opinion change resulting from incidental cues such as a speaker's attractiveness illustrates
peripheral route persuasion
You would probably be LEAST likely to commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why
you failed a college test
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to cheat on his income tax?
Mikhail, who positively values paying his full income tax
Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude
"Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her in trouble"
People are especially likely to demonstrate the fundamental attribution error in cultures that value
Individualism
The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of _______ and to overestimate the impact of _______ in explaining the behavior of others.
Situational influences; personal dispositions
How does our explanation of strangers' behavior differ from that of our own behavior?
We explain strangers behavior in terms if personality traits and our own behavior in terms of situational constraints
Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of
a dis-positional attribution
Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic. Her conclusion best illustrates
a situational attribution
The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to attribute a strangers
act of kindness to a compassionate personality
Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that
actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes
The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to conclude that unemployed people
are irresponsible and unmotivated
Central route persuasion is most likely when people
are naturally analytical
An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by
assigned roles
feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events are called
attitudes
to analyze how people explain others behavior, Fritz Heider developed
attribution theory
Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.
belief-based feelings
Our attitudes are more likely to guide our actions when we
can easily recall our attitudes
Magazine computer ads seldom feature endorsements from Hollywood stars or great athletes. Instead, they offer detailed information for consumers to develop more positive opinions about the company's products. This advertising strategy best illustrates
central route persuasion
Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates
central route persuasion
Aleksis has recently begun to bully and hurt his younger brother. If this behavior continues, it is likely that Aleksis will
develop an increasing dislike for his brother
Fritz Heider concluded that people tend to attribute others' behavior either to their
dispositions or their situations
A persons behavior is most likely to be consistent with his or her attitudes when
external influences on behavior are minimal
Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because
he is unmotivated to do well in school
attribution theory was designed to account for
how people explain others' behavior
Our explanations of our own admirable actions are ________ likely to involve situational attributions than our explanations of our own shameful actions. Our explanations of our own actions performed long ago are ________ likely to involve dispositional attributions than our explanations of our own very recent actions.
less, more
Our explanation for the fundamental attribution error involves observers
limited visual perspective
Compared with central route persuasion, peripheral route persuasion tends to
occur more rapidly
Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate, ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images. This strategy best illustrates
peripheral route persuasion
Observing yourself on a videotape is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to
personality traits
A dispositional attribution is to________ as a situational attribution is to _____
personality traits, assigned roles
Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________.
political conservatives, political liberals
Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for the purposes of the experiment concluded that her behavior
reflected her personal disposition
In explaining our own behavior or the behavior of those we know well, we often resort to
situational attributions
Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?
social psychology
To "brainwash" captured American soldiers during the Korean War, Chinese communists made effective use of
the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Compared with people from East Asian cultures, those from individualistic Western countries are more likely to demonstrate
the fundamental attribution error
Recognizing the powerful impact of social influence on others' behaviors is most likely to minimize
the fundamental attribution error
The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior is called
the fundamental attribution error
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
the fundamental attribution error
Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The professor, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of
the fundamental attribution theory
The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people ________ one another.
think about, influence, and relate to